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11.
Animal Cognition - Rhythmic ability is important for locomotion, communication, and coordination between group members during the daily life of animals. We aimed to examine the rhythm perception... 相似文献
12.
Journal of Adult Development - When older parents experience age-related functional limitations, adult children may begin to monitor and try to control their parents’ behavior. This shift can... 相似文献
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Takeo Fujiwara Noriko Kato Matthew R. Sanders 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(6):804-813
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a group-based family intervention program known as the Group
Positive Parenting Program (Triple P), with families in Japan. Reductions in children’s behavioral problems, changes in dysfunctional
parenting practices, and affects on parenting adjustment were examined. Participants of both the intervention and control
groups (N = 91 and N = 24, respectively) were recruited from mothers visiting health clinics in Kawasaki City, Kanagawa. Intervention
and control groups were assessed in terms of child behavior (Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, SDQ), parenting style
(Parenting Scale, PS), and parenting adjustment (Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, DASS; and Parenting Experience Survey, PES),
both pre- and postintervention. A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine the intervention’s
effects. The SDQ score for the conduct problems subscale indicated a significant intervention effect. In addition, the postintervention
scores for all subscales of the PS, the DASS depression subscale and total scores, as well as ratings for perceived difficulty
of parenting in the PES, were significantly reduced in the intervention group alone. The PES also revealed that confidence
in parenting significantly increased only in the intervention group. Group Triple P is effective in decreasing child conduct
problems, dysfunctional parenting practices, depression, anxiety, stress, and the perceived level of parenting difficulty,
as well as in improving parenting confidence, among Japanese families. 相似文献
14.
Cultural innovation and transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees: evidence from field experiments 总被引:10,自引:10,他引:0
Biro D Inoue-Nakamura N Tonooka R Yamakoshi G Sousa C Matsuzawa T 《Animal cognition》2003,6(4):213-223
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are the most proficient and versatile users of tools in the wild. How such skills become integrated into the behavioural repertoire of wild chimpanzee communities is investigated here by drawing together evidence from three complementary approaches in a group of oil-palm nut- (Elaeis guineensis) cracking chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea. First, extensive surveys of communities adjacent to Bossou have shown that population-specific details of tool use, such as the selection of species of nuts as targets for cracking, cannot be explained purely on the basis of ecological differences. Second, a 16-year longitudinal record tracing the development of nut-cracking in individual chimpanzees has highlighted the importance of a critical period for learning (3–5 years of age), while the similar learning contexts experienced by siblings have been found to result in near-perfect (13 out of 14 dyads) inter-sibling correspondence in laterality. Third, novel data from field experiments involving the introduction of unfamiliar species of nuts to the Bossou group illuminates key aspects of both cultural innovation and transmission. We show that responses of individuals toward the novel items differ markedly with age, with juveniles being the most likely to explore. Furthermore, subjects are highly specific in their selection of conspecifics as models for observation, attending to the nut-cracking activities of individuals in the same age group or older, but not younger than themselves. Together with the phenomenon of inter-community migration, these results demonstrate a mechanism for the emergence of culture in wild chimpanzees. 相似文献
15.
Noriko Shikai Masayo Uji Zi Chen Hidetoshi Hiramura Nao Tanaka Masahiro Shono Toshinori Kitamura 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(4):241-248
Coping styles and self-efficacy have been recognized as important determinants of dysphoric mood. The objectives of this study
were to determine the influence of these two factors on depression and anxiety in Japanese students. A set of questionnaires,
including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and the Self-efficacy
Scale (SES) was distributed to 146 nursing students. Structural equation modelling was conducted to specify the relationships
between measured variables. The HAD depression and anxiety scores were predicted by emotion-oriented coping. The HAD depression
alone was predicted by avoidance-oriented coping. Self-efficacy scores predicted the emotion-oriented coping and HAD depression
scores. Students’ dysphoric moods were influenced by emotional-oriented coping that mediated the effects of low self-efficacy,
and self-efficacy also had a direct effect on depression. 相似文献
16.
Lian Tong Ryoji Shinohara Yuka Sugisawa Emiko Tanaka Yuko Yato Noriko Yamakawa Tokie Anme Japan Children's Study Group 《Journal of applied social psychology》2012,42(10):2457-2478
The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the effects of (a) parent–child interaction and (b) home environment on the early development of empathy in toddlers. A total of 176 Japanese families (both young children and their parents) were enrolled in this study. Laboratory assessment of children's empathy development and caregiver's rearing competence was made during a controlled observation of parent–child interaction. The results of this study suggest that of all the factors examined, the degree of parent–child interaction, the stability of long‐term parenting practices, parental attitude, and mother's mental health status were correlated with development of empathy in children. These findings provide new indicators for the development of individualized intervention methods for use in clinical practice. 相似文献
17.
Noriko Toyama 《Infant and child development》2013,22(2):216-234
In Experiment 1, 4‐, 5‐, 8‐ and 11‐year‐old Japanese children (n = 69) and adults (n = 21) explained their reasons for bodily induced reactions (e.g. overeating leads to vomiting) and psychogenic bodily reactions (bodily outcomes originating in the mind, e.g. frustration leads to vomiting). Children gave vitalistic explanations, that is, explaining causal connections by referring to a vital force, in responses concerning bodily induced reactions, whereas adults typically gave these explanations in responses concerning psychogenic bodily reactions. In Experiment 2, 5‐, 8‐ and 11‐year‐old children (n = 96) and adults (n = 24) explained bodily induced and psychogenic bodily reactions, and psychological behaviour, for example, that frustration leads to nail biting. As in Experiment 1, vitalistic explanations tended to be found for psychogenic tasks but were seldom found in either children's or adults' explanations of psychological behaviour. The findings suggest that with age vitalistic causality obtains cross mind‐body implications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Noriko Nitta Yohta Aizawa Tokiya Hasegawa Hidehiro Yasuda 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(10):676-681
Structural changes in GaSb (001) thin films upon low-energy electron (125?keV) irradiation have been studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy. No structural changes were observed for irradiation at room temperature. However, in a sample irradiated at 473?K domains of {110} variant, rotated 90° from each other, were formed in the matrix. The average diameter of the domains was approximately 18?nm in the sample irradiated to a fluence of 4.8?×?1024?electrons/m2. It is considered that the domains are pseudo-{110} planes in the matrix formed by electron-irradiation-induced Shockley partial dislocations. 相似文献
20.
Seiji Kazui Hiroaki Naritomi Tohru Sawada Noriko Inoue Jun-Ichiro Okuda 《Brain and language》1990,38(4):476-487
A case of generalized auditory agnosia without aphasia secondary to cardiogenic cerebral embolism is reported. The infarcts in this patient were localized within the bitemporal subcortices as confirmed by computerized axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The findings suggested that interruption of both auditory radiations by bilateral subcortical lesions may play an important role in the occurrence of "cerebral auditory disorders." 相似文献