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231.
Summary Dual-route models assume that pronunciations are generated along both a lexical route and a nonlexical route. The lexical route has been characterized as more automatic. Accordingly, if the naming task is paired with a concurrent task, then the nonlexical route should be more susceptible to interference than the lexical pathway. A relative slowing of the nonlexical route should eliminate the regularity effect obtained with low-frequency words while significantly enhancing the small frequency effect obtained with regular words. These predictions were confirmed. Exception words were actually named 39 ms faster under high load. The results are inconsistent with any straightforward application of single-route models. 相似文献
232.
A. G. Watts 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1991,19(3):230-245
The influence of the 'New Right' on careers guidance policy during the Thatcher era is analysed. It is suggested that three main strands of such influence can be discerned: using guidance as a form of social control; supporting guidance as a means of making markets work; and making guidance services themselves more responsive to market forces. The implications of these pressures for guidance philosophy and practice are discussed. 相似文献
233.
Noel A. Cazenave 《Sex roles》1984,11(7-8):639-656
This article seeks to delineate the social context of American masculine attainment and identity. The effects of race, socioeconomic status, and age on masculine role perceptions are analyzed for a sample of Black middle-class men. Comparative data from previous research on a sample of Black working-class men are discussed. Comparisons are also made to the findings of a Psychology Today survey sample consisting primarily of middle-class White men. Data are analyzed to exemplify the importance of studying masculine roles within a framework that takes into account the relative social location of American men. Future research needs for the study of masculine role identity from a social structural perspective are discussed.This article was presented as a paper at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development conference on gender role research, Bethesda, Maryland, September 30–October 2, 1981. The author is grateful to Gloria Wolford for her assistance in preparing the mailing of the questionnaires and for coding the returned instruments for computer analysis. The author is also grateful to Roger Libby of the University of Massachusetts for his comments on an earlier draft of this article. 相似文献
234.
The construction is described of a questionnaire designed to measure separate dimensions of cognitive-behavioural responsiveness to spiders in spider phobics. Dimensions of vigilance, preoccupation and coping-avoidance are established. Data are presented on differences between phobics and normals on the questionnaire, on correlations between the questionnaire measures and avoidance test measures, and on the effects of desensitization on the questionnaire measures. 相似文献
235.
A. G. Watts 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1980,8(1):11-22
A number of current social trends are described which suggest that the career patterns of adults are likely to become more complex than in the past. If such complexity is to offer increased opportunities for choice and for personal growth, rather than simply producing damaging disruption and distress, guidance services could be of critical importance. Three ways of examining the guidance needs of adults are proposed, based respectively on developmental stages, on roles, and on life events. 相似文献
236.
237.
Birth control practices and conservatism 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined the relationship of conservatism to reports of contraceptive usage, reasons for nonusage of a particular birth control method, and knowledge of birth control information. The never married high conservative subjects who were sexually experienced revealed that they had (a) a lower frequency of usage as well as a lower variety of contraceptive methods; (b) endorsed the beliefs that it was morally wrong and that it was unnatural to use a given birth control method significantly more often as reasons for not using contraceptive techniques; and (c) less knowledge of birth control methods than did low conservative subjects who were sexually experienced. Results were interpreted to support the notion that the fear of loss of control of one's impulses and hence the basis for conservative attitudes are determinants of contraceptive usage. 相似文献
238.
Hurricane Andrew: Psychological distress among shelter victims 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David N. Sattler Jerome M. Sattler Charles Kaiser Beverly A. Hamby Mary G. Adams Laura Love Jacqueline Winkler Claudia Abu-Ukkaz Barrett Watts Ann Beatty 《International journal of stress management》1995,2(3):133-143
This study examined psychological distress and functioning among Hurricane Andrew victims who lost their homes and were living in shelters. Four and one-half weeks after Hurricane Andrew struck southern Florida, 89 (45 males, 44 females) Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites completed a questionnaire. The questionnaire asked for information about psychological and psychophysiological symptoms, use of mental health services, coping responses, and extent of preparation for the storm. The findings suggest that loss of home and property were related to distress and depression. About one-quarter of the sample were moderately depressed. Over one-third of the sample reported experiencing psychological and psychophysiological distress. Approximately one-half of the subjects did not take the hurricane warnings seriously. White subjects began preparing earlier for the storm, and evacuated their homes more frequently than did Black subjects. Implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
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240.