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71.
72.
Sex-role differentiation in 337 three-, four-, and five-year-old girls and boys, approximately equally divided into lower-and middle-income groups, was measured by five sex-role tests. A composite z score was also used for increased reliability. The study was replicated in order to investigate the reliability of the measures. The results showed that sex and, to a partial degree, age, had significant effects, but income level had little effect on sex-role differentiation. A factor analysis of the sex-role tests is also discussed. 相似文献
73.
Noel Estrada‐Hernández John S. Wadsworth John A. Nietupski Judy Warth Amy Winslow 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2008,45(1):14-24
This research explores the mediating effects of severity of disability on the employment outcomes of participants with disabilities, taking into account their perception of interest‐job match. Participants were 115 high school students with disabilities who took part in an intensive school‐to‐work transition program that explored occupational interests in relation‐to‐work opportunities. Results of a 1‐way analysis of covariance indicated that severity of disability had a significant effect on the employment outcomes of participants despite interest‐job matching. Although participants experienced positive employment outcomes in terms of job entry, these outcomes may not necessarily translate into higher earnings. 相似文献
74.
NON-PERCEPTUAL AESTHETIC PROPERTIES: COMMENTS FOR JAMES SHELLEY 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
75.
Gratitude and the Reduced Costs of Materialism in Adolescents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jeffrey J. Froh Robert A. Emmons Noel A. Card Giacomo Bono Jennifer A. Wilson 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(2):289-302
Materialistic youth seem to be languishing while grateful youth seem to be flourishing. High school students (N = 1,035) completed measures of materialism, gratitude, academic functioning, envy, depression, life satisfaction, social
integration, and absorption. Using structural equation modeling, we found that gratitude, controlling for materialism, uniquely
predicts all outcomes considered: higher grade point average, life satisfaction, social integration, and absorption, as well
as lower envy and depression. In contrast, materialism, controlling for gratitude, uniquely predicts three of the six outcomes:
lower grade point average, as well as higher envy and life satisfaction. Furthermore, when examining the relative strengths
of gratitude and materialism as predictors, we found that gratitude is generally a stronger predictor of these six outcomes
than is materialism. 相似文献
76.
A study is described that tested a model (Feather in Eur Rev Soc Psychol 17:38–73, 2006) relating emotions to the appraisal of outcome deservingness for self or other person. Outcome deservingness was assumed
to depend on the evaluative structure of action/outcome relations (Feather in Values, achievement, and justice: studies in
the psychology of deservingness. Kluwer/Plenum Publishers, New York, 1999b). The study tested predictions about relations between this structure and the emotions of pleasure, admiration, pride, resentment,
anger, sadness, sympathy, guilt, regret, disappointment, and surprise. The study used a hypothetical scenario involving an
applicant for a position in an organization where the applicant could either be other or self. Results that focused on planned
comparisons and the action by focus interactions supported the analysis for both the positive outcome and the negative outcome
conditions and they were consistent with the hypothesis that the appraisal of outcome deservingness would mediate at least
in part the type of emotion that was reported when a positive or negative outcome followed a positive or negative action.
Results were discussed in relation to the social psychology of justice and the emotions. 相似文献
77.
Pepperberg IM Sandefer RM Noel DA Ellsworth CP 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》2000,114(4):371-380
Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) learn referential English labels when they view and interact with 2 humans who model vocal labeling and who demonstrate referentiality and functionality of a label (I.M. Pepperberg, 1990a). To test if both trainers are necessary, the authors contrasted 2-trainer modeling with training by 1 human who presented targeted labels to a bird in concert with appropriate items, who asked questions, and who would reward attempts at the label with the item. The bird was also tutored by either 1 or 2 interactive humans in conjunction with a conspecific who already used referential labels. Referential labels were learned from multiple live tutors but not a single trainer. Presence of a conspecific enhanced learning compared with single-trainer sessions but did not affect acquisition in 2-human sessions. Specific aspects of paired tutoring seem critical for acquiring referential vocal labels. 相似文献
78.
Ivar R. Hannikainen Kevin P. Tobia Guilherme da F. C. F. de Almeida Raff Donelson Vilius Dranseika Markus Kneer Niek Strohmaier Piotr Bystranowski Kristina Dolinina Bartosz Janik Sothie Keo Eglė Lauraitytė Alice Liefgreen Maciej Próchnicki Alejandro Rosas Noel Struchiner 《Cognitive Science》2021,45(8):e13024
Despite pervasive variation in the content of laws, legal theorists and anthropologists have argued that laws share certain abstract features and even speculated that law may be a human universal. In the present report, we evaluate this thesis through an experiment administered in 11 different countries. Are there cross-cultural principles of law? In a between-subjects design, participants (N = 3,054) were asked whether there could be laws that violate certain procedural principles (e.g., laws applied retrospectively or unintelligible laws), and also whether there are any such laws. Confirming our preregistered prediction, people reported that such laws cannot exist, but also (paradoxically) that there are such laws. These results document cross-culturally and –linguistically robust beliefs about the concept of law which defy people's grasp of how legal systems function in practice. 相似文献
79.
Marc T. Kiviniemi Erin M. Ellis Marissa G. Hall Jennifer L. Moss Sarah E. Lillie Noel T. Brewer 《Psychology & health》2018,33(1):98-116
Objective: Researchers have historically treated cognition and affect as separate constructs in motivating health behaviour. We present a framework and empirical evidence for complex relations between cognition and affect in predicting health behaviour.Main Outcome, Design and Results: First, affect and cognition can mediate each other’s relation to health behaviour. Second, affect and cognition can moderate the other’s impact. Third, context can change the interplay of affect and cognition. Fourth, affect and cognition may be indelibly fused in some psychological constructs (e.g. worry, anticipated regret and reactance). These four propositions in our framework are not mutually exclusive.Conclusion: Examination of the types of complex relations described here can benefit theory development, empirical testing of theories and intervention design. Doing so will advance the understanding of mechanisms involved in regulation of health behaviours and the effectiveness of interventions to change health behaviours. 相似文献
80.
Marie McCann Mike Anderson Catherine Campbell Noel French Judy McMichael 《Child neuropsychology》2018,24(1):124-144
In two studies, the relationship between sleep and working memory performance was investigated in children born very preterm (i.e., gestation less than 32 weeks) and the possible mechanisms underlying this relationship. In Study 1, parent-reported measures of snoring, night-time sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness were collected on 89 children born very preterm aged 6 to 7 years. The children completed a verbal working memory task, as well as measures of processing speed and verbal storage capacity. Night-time sleep quality was found to be associated with verbal working memory performance over and above the variance associated with individual differences in processing speed and storage capacity, suggesting that poor sleep may have an impact on the executive component of working memory. Snoring and daytime sleepiness were not found to be associated with working memory performance. Study 2 introduced a direct measure of executive functioning and examined whether sleep problems would differentially impact the executive functioning of children born very preterm relative to children born to term. Parent-reported sleep problems were collected on 43 children born very preterm and 48 children born to term (aged 6 to 9 years). Problematic sleep was found to adversely impact executive functioning in the very preterm group, while no effect of sleep was found in the control group. These findings implicate executive dysfunction as a possible mechanism by which problematic sleep adversely impacts upon cognition in children born very preterm, and suggest that sleep problems can increase the cognitive vulnerability already experienced by many of these children. 相似文献