The Essence of Cinema?

Philosophical Studies -     

Exploring Thematic Nightmare Content and Associated Self‐Harm Risk

Nightmares have been shown to be robust predictors of self‐harm risk, beyond depressive symptoms and hopelessness at times. However, few studies have investigated associations between nightmare content and increased self‐harm risk. This study explored associations of thematic nightmare content with history of self‐harm, and risk of self‐harm phenomena the morning following a nightmare. A mixed‐method diary study was performed. Prospective nightmare reports were obtained from 72 participants. A total of 47 nightmare reports met inclusion criteria and were analyzed for themes using inductive thematic analysis. Chi‐square and bootstrap Pearson's correlation tests were performed to assess the associations between nightmare themes and self‐harm history, and risk of self‐harm phenomena following a nightmare. “ Powerlessness to Change Behavior” was associated with a history of self‐harm engagement, whereas “Financial Hardship” indicated reduced risk. Themes were not significantly associated with increased risk of self‐harm phenomena following a nightmare. Content may be of use in detecting lifetime history of self‐harm engagement, particularly in populations where disclosure is seen as taboo. However, nightmare symptom severity remains a better indicator of risk. Evidence for the utility of nightmare content in assessing immediate self‐harm risk is presently lacking. Replication with increased power is recommended.     

Aggregating preference rankings: An AHP-based approach

The problem considered here involves the selection of an alternative by a group of decision makers in a context that involves the aggregating of votes from a preferential ballot. A popular approach for solving such problems is the well-known weighting problem formulation. However, with such a formulation two issues become of critical importance: (a) the weights should reflect the decision-making group's belief on the importance of each rank position and (b) the weights should accord each alternative a fair (if not its best) assessment. Many researchers have studied this problem and proposed various solution strategies. None of these strategies, however, appears to have adequately addressed both issues. The objective of this research is to develop a group decision-making model that solves the problem in a manner that adequately addresses the two critical issues identified, as well as allows for sensitivity analysis and is fairly robust with respect to the various paradoxes identified in voting systems.