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111.
本研究根据鉴别超常儿童要采取多指标、多途径、多种方法以及与常态儿童进行动态比较的原则探讨了对超常儿童实验班的筛选方法。先由教师和家长推荐,再用八项测查指标综合考察。并设立了同龄对比班。为今后大范围筛选超常儿童作了有效的尝试。同时.对超常儿童认知能力特点、学业成绩、教师评价、家庭背景等方面作了分析研究。 相似文献
112.
113.
Pierre Mounoud Paolo Viviani Claude Alain Hauert Joël Guyon 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1985,40(1):115-132
Visuomanual sinusoidal tracking is investigated in 5- to 9-year-old children. The proportion of successful performances steadily increases with age, but adult proficiency is never attained even by those who can perform the task. Moreover, the progress in proficiency—as measured by systems analysis techniques—is not monotonic and suggests the presence of distinct stages in the development of visuomotor coordination. Qualitative analysis of unsuccessful performance demonstrates that failures cannot be ascribed only to insufficient motor coordination and emphasizes the role of cognitive and representational factors even in such a simple task. 相似文献
114.
115.
Christophe Le Mouël 《Psychological Perspectives》2018,61(4):414-430
This article is an introduction to C. G. Jung’s handwritten note on natural numbers (in this issue), which became the basis of Marie-Louise von Franz’s book Number and Time. I present the historical background of Jung’s note and discuss part of its content using mostly Jung’s own words. 相似文献
116.
Missa JN 《Journal international de bioéthique》2011,22(3-4):93-121, 196-7
The reason that gives doping in sport a deeper philosophical and ethical dimension is the emergence of a new medical paradigm: enhancement medicine. The question of enhancing performance in sport has become part of a broader societal debate on human enhancement. The gradual blurriness of the boarders between therapeutic medicine and enhancement medicine constitutes the most spectacular and the most troublesome form of these modifications. In the contemporary biomedicine, the new medicines and technologies can be used not only to cure the patients but also to enhance human capacities. This evolution represents a paradigmatic change in the medical practice: it is not the mere restoration of health which is expected anymore, nor the promotion of health. What is required is the improvement of performance and the perfectibility of the human being, including in the field of sport. Competitive sport could become the main laboratory of enhancement medicine. The intersection of science and sport raises fundamental philosophical, ethical and policy issues that cannot be answered easily. The prohibition and the war on doping is not the only solution. 相似文献
117.
Luyten L Vansteenwegen D van Kuyck K Gabriëls L Nuttin B 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(2):228-244
Animal models of psychiatric disorders are important translational tools for exploring new treatment options and gaining more
insight into the disease. Thus far, there is no systematically validated animal model for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD),
a severely impairing and difficult-to-treat disease. In this review, we propose contextual conditioning (CC) as an animal
model for GAD. We argue that this model has sufficient face validity (there are several symptom similarities), predictive
validity (it responds to clinically effective treatments), and construct validity (the underlying mechanisms are comparable).
Although the refinement and validation of an animal model is a never-ending process, we want to give a concise overview of
the currently available evidence. We suggest that the CC model might be a valuable preclinical tool to enhance the development
of new treatment strategies and our understanding of GAD. 相似文献
118.
Mickaël Laisney Laetitia Bon Catherine Guiziou Nathalie Daluzeau Francis Eustache Béatrice Desgranges 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2013,7(1):107-120
Theory of Mind (ToM) allows one's own and others' cognitive and emotional mental states to be inferred. Although many patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) display impaired social functioning as their disease progresses, very few studies have investigated ToM in AD. Those that have done so suggest that patients' ToM deficits are the consequence of other cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was thus to investigate changes in both the cognitive and the affective dimensions of ToM in AD, using tasks designed to circumvent the patients' comprehension difficulties. Sixteen mild to moderate AD patients and 15 healthy controls matched on age, sex and education level underwent cognitive (preference judgment and first‐ and second‐order false belief) and affective (Reading the Mind in the Eyes) ToM assessments. Comprehension of false belief stories was verified and an additional neuropsychological examination was undergone. We observed impaired performances by AD patients on all the ToM tasks. While working memory and executive functioning impairments contributed to the deterioration in the more complex aspects of cognitive ToM abilities as highlighted by a correlation analysis, we failed to observe any comprehension difficulties in patients who performed poorly on simple cognitive ToM tasks, which suggests that AD truly affects cognitive ToM. 相似文献
119.
Despite advances in therapies, there remain psychiatric patients who are extremely ill and cannot be helped by classic psychiatric treatments, including psychotherapy and drug therapy. Certain of these patients may be helped by use of bilateral brain lesioning. The complication rate of standard stereotactic psychosurgery techniques is very low. The main rationale for the continued experimental use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in neurosurgery for mental disorders is its reversibility. This reversibility is not an advantage in terms of the benefits obtained, but rather if side effects emerge. In addition, electrical stimulation may provide patients with some autonomy for their treatment. The first, very preliminary results of electrical stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder and for a small heterogeneous group of patients with other psychiatric disorders have been published. Electrical stimulation of the brain for psychiatric disorders may become a new treatment option for certain intractable psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action of DBS in psychiatric disorders is unknown, and the experience with this modality is extremely limited. The first results look promising, but this treatment option may prove unusable for some time because of a lack of knowledge of appropriate brain stimulation targets and technical problems such as the availability of sufficient current supply. 相似文献
120.
van den Brink D Brown CM Hagoort P 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2006,32(2):364-372
An event-related brain potential experiment was carried out to investigate the temporal relationship between lexical selection and the semantic integration in auditory sentence processing. Participants were presented with spoken sentences that ended with a word that was either semantically congruent or anomalous. Information about the moment in which a sentence-final word could uniquely be identified, its isolation point (IP), was compared with the onset of the elicited N400 congruity effect, reflecting semantic integration processing. The results revealed that the onset of the N400 effect occurred prior to the IP of the sentence-final words. Moreover, the factor early or late IP did not affect the onset of the N400. These findings indicate that lexical selection and semantic integration are cascading processes, in that semantic integration processing can start before the acoustic information allows the selection of a unique candidate and seems to be attempted in parallel for multiple candidates that are still compatible with the bottom-up acoustic input. 相似文献