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201.
Kimberly D. Becker Golda S. Ginsburg Janine Domingues Jenn-Yun Tein 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(4):533-543
This study tested components of a proposed model of child anxiety and examined the mediational roles of (1) maternal control
behavior, (2) maternal external locus of control, and (3) child external locus of control in the association between maternal
and child anxiety. Thirty-eight clinically anxious mothers and 37 nonanxious mothers participated along with one of their
children aged 6 to 14 (52.0% female; 78.7% Caucasian). Path analysis indicated that the overall model fit the data very well.
Analyses also indicated that child external locus of control mediated the associations between (1) maternal and child anxiety
and (2) maternal control behavior and child anxiety. Maternal anxiety was not related to maternal control behavior and maternal
external locus of control was not associated with child anxiety. Findings are discussed in the context of theoretical models
(e.g., Chorpita and Barlow 1998) regarding the transmission of maternal anxiety to their children and the specific roles of maternal behavior and child locus
of control. 相似文献
202.
Claudia C. Wolf Sebastian Ocklenburg Beyza Ören Cordula Becker Andrea Hofstätter Christa Bös Markus Popken Truls Thorstensen Onur Güntürkün 《Psychological research》2010,74(4):429-435
The stereotype of women’s limited parking skills is deeply anchored in modern culture. Although laboratory tests prove men’s
average superiority in visuospatial tasks and parking requires complex, spatial skills, underlying mechanisms remain unexplored.
Here, we investigated performance of beginners (nine women, eight men) and more experienced drivers (21 women, 27 men) at
different parking manoeuvres. Furthermore, subjects conducted the mental rotation test and self-assessed their parking skills.
We show that men park more accurately and especially faster than women. Performance is related to mental rotation skills and
self-assessment in beginners, but only to self-assessment in more experienced drivers. We assume that, due to differential
feedback, self-assessment incrementally replaces the controlling influence of mental rotation, as parking is trained with
increasing experience. Results suggest that sex differences in spatial cognition persist in real-life situations, but that
socio-psychological factors modulate the biological causes of sex differences. 相似文献
203.
204.
Becker SI 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(6):853-861
In visual search for a pop-out target, responses are faster when the target dimension from the previous trial is repeated
than when it changes. Currently, it is unclear whether these across-dimension switch costs originate from processes that guide
attention to the target or from later processes (e.g., target identification or response selection). The present study tested
two critical predictions of a response-selection account of across-dimension switch costs—namely, (1) that switch costs should
occur even when visual attention is guided by a completely different feature and (2) that changing the target dimension should
affect the speed of responding, but not the speed of eye movements to the target. The results supported both predictions,
indicating that changes of the target dimension do not affect early processes that guide attention to the target but, rather,
affect later processes, which commence after the target has been selected. 相似文献
205.
Thomas E. Becker 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2005,13(3):225-232
Based on Becker's theory (1998) and pilot work (2000) , I developed a situational judgment test of employee integrity. In this study, I examine whether scores on this test predict integrity‐relevant outcomes. The analysis of data from fast service employees, engineers, and production workers revealed that employees' integrity scores were correlated with managerial ratings of career potential, leadership activities, and job performance. Integrity was not related to the quality of interpersonal relationships. 相似文献
206.
Atsuko Seto Kent W. Becker Motoko Akutsu 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2006,84(4):488-492
The authors review an article (J. Yamamoto & F. Tagami, 2004) published in the Japanese Journal of Counseling Science that described changes in contemporary Japanese family structures and illustrated a therapy process with a father to enhance the father‐son relationship. Implications for the counseling profession in working with men on fathering, including single fatherhood, are shared based on the literature from both the United States and Japan. 相似文献
207.
Reaction time variability (RTV) is a ubiquitous phenomenon in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Few studies have examined RTV in relation to functional outcomes such as social impairment in children with ADHD. In this exploratory study, we investigated whether RTV is associated with social functioning in children at risk for ADHD. Specifically, we explored the association between RTV (tau derived from correct go trials of a Stop-Signal task) and social functioning in 198 children ages 7–12 years referred for an ADHD evaluation. Social functioning measures included child and/or parent ratings of social competence, aggression, social problems, and impairment in relationships. In regression analyses that also included Oppositional Defiant Disorder symptoms and sex, higher RTV was significantly associated with lower ratings of social competence, and higher proactive/reactive aggression ratings on the child self-report measures. RTV was not significantly associated with parent report of social functioning or relationship impairment. This study provides preliminary evidence that RTV may be associated with social functioning in children at risk for ADHD. We propose that lapses of attention affecting cognitive control may also negatively impact social information processing thereby affecting social functioning. Replication is warranted and longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether RTV predicts social dysfunction in ADHD. 相似文献
208.
Advances in contemporary cognitive science suggest that our internal representational systems are powerfully shaped by interacting evolutionary, developmental, and neuro-computational processes. Although Jung’s archetypes of the collective unconscious are largely dismissed by modern psychological science, something very much like them emerges from the intersection of these perspectives. Functional analysis suggests that a variety of conserved systems—basic biological ones, like self-protection and mating, as well as more complex social ones, like cheater-detection—need to make use of more general representational systems (like face perception) to simulate and predict adaptive responses to recurring environmental problems. Furthermore, analogous to the capacity to develop language, these systems depend on specific input at critical developmental stages. Archetypes reflect the interaction of domain-specific challenges and domain-general simulations. They are dynamic patterns of perception, memory, and action, resonating with ancient motivational and emotional systems. They shed light on how the symbolic emerges from the subsymbolic. Archetypes are thus the natural consequence of our fundamental social goals playing out in three nested dynamics: the online representation of reality by mental simulation systems, the history of personal experiences that build a particular instantiation of these systems, and the evolutionary dynamics that selected the web of cognitive and affective capacities that all normally developing humans share. This modern elaboration of the idea of archetypes fuses disparate conceptual perspectives, provokes methodological reorientations, generates novel hypotheses, and will likely open whole new lines of integrative inquiry. 相似文献
209.
Maya K. Schmidt Jennifer L. Murdock Bishop Kent Becker 《Journal of Creativity in Mental Health》2019,14(1):105-114
Counseling can be a vulnerable process for clients and counselors alike. Counselors-in-training often find their early development to be an ambiguous and anxiety-provoking process. Both metaphors and experiential activities are effective methods in counselor training for addressing the ambiguity of counseling and the concerns experienced by counseling students. This article describes how counselor educators can use photography as a metaphor to support counselor development. We also outline four creative photography activities designed to foster self-reflection, professional identity development, and multicultural awareness among counselors-in-training. 相似文献
210.
Overcoming sociopsychological barriers within intergroup communications may bring forth new, practical methods for conflict resolution, particularly crucial for groups engulfed by intractable conflict. This article examines the use of humor—an extremely effective technique of persuasive communication—as one potential route whose potency in resolving intractable conflicts has thus far been neglected. In Study 1, Palestinians who read a message from an “Israeli representative” (conveying the Israeli narrative of the conflict) agreed more with the Israeli perspective once three short humorous asides were added to the original statement. When these humorous asides targeted Jewish‐Israelis, Palestinian‐Israeli participants were more willing to compromise on various aspects of the conflict. In Study 2, Jewish‐Israelis who read a message from a “Palestinian representative” were more agreeable to the Palestinian message (portraying the Palestinian narrative) once three short humorous asides were added to the original statement. When these humorous asides were general in nature (but not when they targeted Palestinian‐Israelis), Jewish‐Israeli participants were more willing to compromise on various aspects of this intractable conflict. These findings further demonstrate the power of psychological barriers in intractable conflicts and the potential of humor to overcome them. Implications and limitations of the current research are discussed. 相似文献