The basis of preference for lexical words in 6-month-old infants

Six-month-old English-learning infants have been shown to prefer English lexical over English grammatical words. The preference is striking because there are few grammatical words in total number but each occurs far more frequently in input speech than any individual lexical word. This could be because lexical words are universally more salient and interesting acoustic and phonological forms than are grammatical words. Alternatively, familiarity may play a role since infants may know some specific lexical words. Here we explore the first possibility by testing Chinese-learning infants’ response to English lexical and grammatical words. These infants, who had virtually no prior exposure to English and thus were unfamiliar with any English words, nevertheless preferred to listen to English lexical words, as in the case of English-learning infants. This finding increases the plausibility that it is the acoustic and phonological salience of lexical words that determines the preference for lexical words in infants.     

授权的测量及其与员工工作态度的关系

首先，对Spreitzer的授权量表在中国文化背景下的适用性进行了检验，3家企业395份调查问卷的探索性因素分析和内部一致性分析表明，授权量表具有较好的效度和信度；20家企业942份调查问卷的验证性因素分析和内部一致性分析进一步验证了授权量表的效度和信度，这表明Spreitzer的授权四维模型在中国得到了验证，其编制的授权量表在中国具有较强的适用性。然后，利用20家企业942份调查问卷的结果，采用结构方程模型技术对授权与员工满意度、组织承诺、离职意向与工作倦怠等员工工作态度变量之间的关系进行了交叉验证分析，结果表明，工作意义对员工满意度与组织承诺有正向的影响，对离职意向与工作倦怠有负向的影响；自主性对员工满意度与组织承诺有正向的影响；自我效能对组织承诺有正向的影响     

Fluctuating emotions: relating emotional variability and job satisfaction

This study focuses on the relation between emotional variability and job satisfaction and examines emotional exhaustion as a potential explanation for why variability may result in lower satisfaction. In addition, this study examines organizational identification as a potential moderator of the relation between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. A total of 244 nonacademic staff in two universities in Ecuador responded to the surveys. The results demonstrated that emotional exhaustion mediated the relation between emotional variability and job satisfaction and that organizational identification weakened the negative relation between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. This research is among the first to investigate emotional variability in organizations and examine the role of organizational identification in buffering the negative effect of emotional variability.     

Failure-Related Action Orientation and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Forgivingness

This study examined the association between failure-related action orientation and life satisfaction, with a primary focus on confirmation of the mediating role of forgivingness in Chinese college students. 277 participants (165 males and 112 females) from Mainland China completed a subscale of the Action Control Scale (ACS-90) called the Failure-related Action Orientation Scale (AOF), the Tendency to Forgive Scale (Brown in Personal Soc Psychol Bull 29(6):759–771, 2003) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al. in J Personal Assess 49(1):71–75, 1985). Results from structural equation modeling showed that forgivingness partially mediated the relationship between failure-related action orientation and life satisfaction. Moreover, AOF, forgivingness and life satisfaction did not differ across gender or age groups. Implications for the model of failure-related action orientation, forgivingness and life satisfaction in college students are discussed.     

宗教奇迹与科学知识(下)

我们继续沿着理智的道理,再从另一角度来讨论。叙述奇迹的段落中写着,白天又延长了一日之久,意思是非常明白的。所以不免要使人追问以色列的约书亚时代,真有一天被耶和华延长了吗?为讨论这个问题,地球是一个整体是讨论的出发点,巴勒斯坦只是地面上一个小区域,那里白天延长,其他地区白天黑夜也会同样延长。公元前十四世纪的以色列争夺巴勒斯坦时尚是一个游牧民     

因果信息在贝叶斯推理中的作用:问题情境的调节

以大学生为被试,考察因果信息在不同贝叶斯推理问题中的作用。结果表明:(1)问题情境的主效应显著(F(1,122)=16.33,p0.05,η~2=0.120),因果信息的主效应不显著((F(1,122)=1.161,p=0.283,η~2=0.01),但问题类型和因果信息的交互作用显著(F(1,122)=4.757,p0.05,η~2=0.038)。(2)不同类型的问题上因果信息的作用是不同的。具体表现为,在乳癌问题中,增加了因果信息,被试的正确率明显提高(χ~2(1)=6.759,p0.05,V=0.607),而在中彩问题中没有因果信息的推理成绩反而更好(χ~2(1)=1.864,p=0.221,V=0.167)。     

壮族麽教及其现状浅析

壮族麽教是以布麽为其神职人员、以司麽为其主要经典、以古麽为其主要宗教活动的壮族原生性民族民间宗教.当前壮族麽教的现状和发展趋势值得关注和进一步研究.     

经济转型与国家能力提升

内容提要企业经营者、企业产权与市场及市场交易规则是紧密联系的。在中国的渐进式改革过程中,产权转移为企业扩张提供了条件,企业扩张为产权转移提供了动力。企业经营者打破了市场垄断结构,培育出政府所接受的市场经济规则,为自身的生存创造了条件,在影响政治决策方向的同时,也提升了国家能力。     

自我的社会建构观与叙事辅导

叙事辅导以自我在话语中形成的社会建构主义观点为理论基础,认为人类依据故事而生活;强势故事和强势话语塑造着人们的生活;生活是不断超越旧我走向新我的非等同圆运动的过程。叙事辅导通过引导当事人解构旧的生活故事,重写新的生活故事而达到对问题的解决。