小学高年级儿童亲子依恋的发展及其与同伴交往的关系

以武汉市三所普通小学四、五、六年级的505名学生为被试,用问卷调查、团体施测的方式,探讨亲子依恋与其同伴交往的关系,结果发现:儿童的母—子依恋安全性得分和对父母的信赖有显著年级差异,表现为随着年级的增长而下降,同时母—子依恋安全性得分显著高于父—子依恋;在儿童友谊质量、社交焦虑方面,父、母均有影响,在社会交往行为表现及好朋友提名分方面母亲的作用也是显见的;与双亲建立了双重安全依恋型的儿童获益最大,双重非安全依恋型的儿童损失最惨重。     

慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者焦虑、抑郁情绪分析与治疗

慢性非细菌性前列腺炎是男科常见病,因常规的药物和物理治疗效果不佳,我们的调查显示,多数患者存在明显的焦虑、抑郁情绪,成为其求诊和持续接受治疗的障碍。本研究发现对这些患者,在常规治疗基础上给予心理干预可有效改善治疗效果和提高治疗依从性。     

我国非瓣膜病房颤抗凝的现状与思考

心房纤颤增加缺血性脑中风4倍～5倍,抗凝治疗可减少60％的缺血性脑中风,但是同时会增加出血的风险,尤其是脑出血。我国是脑中风,特别是出血性脑中风的高发国家,所以对于房颤抗凝的临床决策往往偏保守,造成我国房颤患者抗凝比例很低。本文就如何在我国房颤患者中进行抗凝提出意见。     

浅谈精神药理学的发展与相关哲学思考

如今精神疾病已成为中国严重的疾病负担,目前,精神障碍的治疗通常采用综合性措施,其中,药物治疗仍然占有重要地位。精神药理学是一门新兴学科,它的发展的确为许多精神、心理障碍的治疗带来了福音。精神药理学的发展史、当代进展与现状以及“个体化治疗”问题中都渗透着丰富的哲学思想,为我们科学地认识事物提供很多有益的启示。     

中小学生记忆组织的发展

本实验对中小学生记忆组织的年级差异和性别差异进行研究,全文分为两个部分：（１）中小学生词的记忆中客观组织（类的群集）的年级差异和性别差异;（２）中小学生词的记忆中主观组织的年级差异和性别差异．结果表明：（１）中小学生记忆中客观组织程度在逐渐提高,（２）不同年级中小学生对双字词记忆的主观组织程度是不同的;（３）Ｅ．Ｔｕｌｖｉｎｇ测定主观组织程度的方法在测定低年级学生记忆的主观组织程度时表现出很大缺陷．     

Electrocutaneous stimulation II. The estimation of distance between two points

Using a numerical estimation procedure, subjects judged the perceived distance between pairs of brief electrical stimuli presented over different physical distances, on different body regions, and in different spatial orientations. The skin turns out to be anisotropic, with the same physical separation between electrodes appearing greater on the forehead than on the forearm, greater on the forearm than on the abdomen. Perceived distance also depends on the orientation and, to some extent, on the time relation between the two electrical pulses. Under all conditions, the perceived distance between electrical stimuli was “compressed” as compared with visual distance. These results bear on the design of devices that attempt to transmit information by electrical stimulation of the skin.     

Electrocutaneous stimulation L The effects of stimulus parameters on absolute threshold

Thresholds for detecting electrical stimulation were measured as a function of (1) body locus, (2) electrode configuration, (3) stimulus waveform, and (4) pulse duration. The results were: (1) the forehead gave slightly, but not reliably, lower thresholds than the abdomen; (2) concentric electrodes gave slightly, but not reliably, lower thresholds than unifocal electrodes; (3) cathodal monophasic (?) pulses and biphasic pulses (+/? and ?/+) gave identical thresholds, while anodal monophasic (+) pulses gave higher thresholds; and (4) thresholds decreased as pulse duration increased up to .5 msec, but changed less with longer pulses.     

The relationship of personality and behavioral development from adolescence to young adulthood and subsequent parenting behavior

The purpose of the study was to examine the association of parental personality, behavior, and substance use during adolescence and adulthood as related to the later parent-offspring relationship. The sample consisted of 297 parents (M age 32 yr.), who were first interviewed at earlier points in their lives in childhood and early adolescence at six points in time, extending from 1983 to 2002. Multiple regression models showed that parents with certain earlier personality and behavioral attributes, e.g., more rebelliousness and more frequent tobacco use, had a more difficult relationship with their children. Findings indicated an association between the cumulative number of psychosocial risk factors in the parents and difficulties in the parent-child relationship. The findings suggested that interventions designed to decrease youths' substance abuse may increase the likelihood that later when they are parents they will form nurturing relationships with their children.     

空间情境模型建立和更新的影响因素

采用混合实验设计,以含有空间信息的语篇为实验材料,选取不同视空间工作记忆广度的大学生作为被试,利用新的实验范式分离了空间情境模型的建立过程和更新过程,对这两个过程在不同时间模式下的加工特点进行分析,考察了空间情境模型建立和更新的影响因素。研究发现：（1）视空间工作记忆广度影响空间情境模型的建立,但不影响空间情境模型的更新。（2）时间模式既影响空间情境模型的建立又影响空间情境模型的更新。（3）方位对空间情境模型的建立有显著影响,对空间模型的更新没有显著影响。在空间情境模型的建立和更新过程中,前后判断的准确性不易受限时的影响,而左右判断的准确性则易受到限时的影响而显著降低,前后方位效应具有稳定性和优势性     

互联网使用动机、行为与其社会-心理健康的模型构建

以581名大学生为被试,采用结构方程模型技术构建了互联网使用动机、病理性互联网使用行为与其相关社会-心理健康的关系模型。其中,互联网使用动机包括信息获取性动机和人际情感性动机两种模式;病理性互联网使用行为包括上网冲动性、分离/逃避和网上优越感三个初级因素;互联网相关社会-心理健康包括孤独感、社会参与度、一般抑郁、生活幸福感和生活满意度五个初级因素,并进一步概括为社会健康和心理健康两个维度。研究结果表明,基于信息获取性动机而使用互联网有助于相关社会-心理健康水平的提高;基于人际情感性动机而使用互联网更容易导致病理性互联网使用行为,并由此对使用者的社会-心理健康产生负面影响;大学生使用互联网的积极效应大于消极效应,且信息获取性动机对社会健康具有更大的积极效应,而人际情感性动机对对心理健康具有更大的消极效应