职业倦怠的干预研究述评

随着生活节奏的加快,职业倦怠(burnout)已经成为不可忽视的职业病。而对职业倦怠的干预也就成为当今研究关注的热点。文章先回顾了近年来在个体干预和组织干预上取得的成果．然后对干预研究的效果进行了评价,并就干预研究的不足之处和未来的发展动向提出了自己的观点。     

Are people always more risk averse after disasters? Surveys after a heavy snow‐hit and a major earthquake in China in 2008

China suffered both a heavy snow‐hit and a major earthquake in 2008. To investigate the effects of disasters on risky decision making, opportunity samples were obtained by recruiting residents in both devastated and non‐devastated areas. In a survey (Study 1) conducted shortly after the heavy snow‐hit, we found that people were not always more risk averse after a disaster as previous studies had claimed and that they were inclined to approach an option with ‘low probability associated gain’ and to avoid an option with ‘low probability associated loss’. These findings were replicated in a consecutive survey (Study 2) conducted after the Wenchuan earthquake. It was further found that the popularity of both insurance and lottery, which presumably contributed to overweighing of small probabilities, was detected to have been enhanced with substantial exposure to the earthquake disaster. The implications of these findings for risk education and government policy making were discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加强我国卫生领域科研诚信建设的重要性

近几年来,我国的科研不端案例呈不断上升趋势.科技部、教育部、中国科学院,国家自然科学基金委员会、中国科学技术协会等部门或机构已发布了关于科研不端行为的处理规定,然而在我国卫生领域科研不端行为的处理和科研诚信建设方面尚未出台相关政策或指导意见.加强我国卫生领域的科研诚信建设具有重要意义.     

心脏病患者非心脏手术风险的规避

社会老龄化,老年人口的相对比例以及绝对值不断增长,外科手术患者中合并心脏病的患者比例也在不断增加.这类患者都具有较高的围手术期心肌梗死、心衰及心源性死亡的危险.如何评价这些患者的围手术期风险,细致调整心脏病用药,使患者获得最佳治疗,保证患者的医疗安全,同时避免术前不必要的检查.     

时空距离、特征类型对态度的影响

建构水平理论（Construal level theory）认为时间能够独立地改变评价对象的建构水平,从而对对象的不同特征赋予不同的权重。个体倾向于用抽象的整体的特征表征时距远的事物,而用具体的局部的特征表征时距近的事物。空间距离不同的评价对象是否也遵循同样的规律？在考察时空距离与个人相关性的基础上,通过2（时间距离：明天和十年后）×2（空间距离：近地点和远地点）×2（特征类型：样例特征和类型特征）三因素被试间实验设计,探讨时间距离、空间距离、特征类型对态度的影响。结果发现,空间距离影响人们对事物的态度。在远空间距离水平上,时间距离对态度的影响显著,而在近空间距离水平上时间距离对态度的影响不显著;在远空间条件下,时距远的对象优先注意类型化的特征,时距近的对象优先注意样例化特征。最后,在建构水平理论框架内讨论了实验结果。     

东南亚华侨华人宗教的历史角色与当代价值

东南亚华侨华人宗教作为母文化——中华传统宗教文化在异时空的一种转型和再生,是源于中华传统宗教文化,广泛地吸收了东南亚本土宗教文化和西方宗教文化而形成的;转型后的东南亚华侨华人宗教在华人社会和所居地社会的当代文化价值体现为共有价值的追求,即获得信仰神灵精神力量战胜困难的勇气、整合华族各方资源、和谐国家社会政治经济关系、丰富人类文化多样性等四方面。东南亚华侨华人宗教的历史角色与当代价值可以作为包括宗教在内的中华传统优秀文化如何继续发挥应有价值与建构和谐社会的启思。     

学习时间在重复学习范式中的监测功能

通过让被试在自定步速的学习条件下完成重复学习任务,考察在重复学习范式中学习时间的监测功能。研究发现：在两次学习中,学习时间与学习判断等级和回忆成绩均有显著负相关;在第二次学习中,线索有效性不变,而随着线索利用率的提高,学习判断预测的准确性也显著提高。研究结果验证了学习时间的监测功能。     

矛盾态度心理机制的理论模型述评

矛盾态度已发展为态度研究领域一个重要方面,在理论和实证研究都取得重要进展,但是对矛盾态度心理机制的探究还处于滞后的态势。本研究试图对矛盾态度心理机制研究做一个较系统的梳理,引入对象与评价的联结模型、态度元认知模型、重复加工模型和表征分布式联结主义模型等四种态度理论模型有关解析,并结合相关实证研究予以阐述和评价。未来该领域的研究应加强矛盾态度研究的元分析、各研究之间的沟通和整合、实证研究范畴的拓展、新技术的引入等问题的研究。     

The role of organizational insiders' developmental feedback and proactive personality on newcomers' performance: an interactionist perspective

Drawing from an interactionist approach and feedback research, we examine the role of developmental feedback and proactive personality on newcomer task performance and helping behavior. Data were collected from 2 high-tech joint-ventures within the information technology and manufacturing industries located in Shanghai, China. Results based on 151 newcomer-manager dyads showed that supervisor developmental feedback (SDF) positively related to newcomer helping behavior and that SDF and coworker developmental feedback interactively predicted newcomer task performance. We also found differential moderating effects of proactive personality: SDF more strongly related to helping behavior when proactive personality was lower; conversely, coworker developmental feedback more strongly related to helping behavior when proactive personality was higher.