社会焦虑的概念辨析与根源探究

基于文献分析的方法,梳理经典焦虑理论的演变历程,揭示焦虑的本质与根源,澄清社会焦虑的主体与性质,界定社会焦虑的概念内涵。同时结合概念界定对当代中国社会焦虑的根源做进一步的探究,认为主要原因在于：欲求向需求的快速转变,阶层流动的固化趋势,以及价值观的拮抗与迷失。最后提出社会焦虑的纾解之道,即充分发挥个人的建设性力量,积极应对时代挑战;坚持以人民为中心,全面推进公正与健康社会建设。

     

尽历艰辛,在成功中享受快乐

作为一名医生,需要一些有别于其他专业的特质,如慈善、阳光、精于沟通、善解人意。医生这一职业充满了挑战,但伴随的是成就感,也正因为如此,医生常乐在其中。医学是科学加经验,注重实践,因此医生必定是忙碌的、辛苦的,结果 是收获和快乐。虽然医学的发展与时俱进,但今天的医学仍然不能事事如你所愿。因此,医生的责任更加重要,不是注重医生能为患者做多少,而是注重患者需要多少,医生就能享受到一个“艺术家”的快乐!     

元认知的神经机制:元认知功能、脑区与脑网络

元认知是指个体对当前进行的认知活动的监测和调节。通过对元认知神经机制研究的梳理,归纳出两条研究主线:一条主线以具体元认知加工的脑区激活研究为主,主要考察元认知与认知过程的分离及典型元认知加工的共享性和特异性。研究发现元认知加工主要与前额叶有关,还涉及脑岛、顶叶、颞叶和楔前叶等部分脑区。另一条主线探讨广泛的元认知功能与广泛大脑网络的相关。研究提出了大脑的“元认知网络”的概念,发现脑损伤或病变造成的元认知功能损伤与脑功能网络有关,而非固定在某一特定脑区。建议未来的研究应重视四个方面的研究:元认知加工的具体脑区和脑功能网络,元认知神经机制的分离,元认知脑功能的损伤和元认知训练的改善作用,以及基于神经机制研究的元认知模型的建构与修正。     

Do Negative Role Models Increase Entrepreneurial Intentions? The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem

Social learning theory predicts that negative role models dampen one’s enthusiasm to pursue an entrepreneurial career. Empirical studies find that the presence of negative role models does not decrease one’s interest in starting a business. This article attempts to reconcile this contradiction. We hypothesized and found in Studies 1 and 2 that observing a business failure decreases one’s entrepreneurial intention when the level of self-esteem is low. However, one’s preference for an entrepreneurial career is increased when the level of self-esteem is high. Study 3 provides evidence that the self-esteem effect still holds when reference person is different.     

情绪智力、组织公平和组织公民行为关系的研究

本研究采用相关分析和多元回归分析方法检验了组织中个体情绪智力、组织公平与组织公民行为的关系.通过情绪智力量表、组织公平感量表、中国组织公民行为量表对企业中288个样本进行结构化问卷调查,结果表明:组织公平感与组织公民行为有显著的正相关;情绪智力与组织公民行为有显著的正相关;情绪智力对组织公平感和组织公民行为的关系起到一定程度的缓冲作用.     

When leader–member exchange differentiation improves work group functioning: The combined roles of differentiation bases and reward interdependence

Drawing on social hierarchy theory, we develop a contingency model of leader–member exchange (LMX) differentiation in which LMX differentiation is positively and negatively related to group cooperation and group social undermining, respectively, when it is based on the group members’ performance, but the relations are reversed (i.e., negative and positive, respectively) when it stems from a leader's personal liking of the members. In addition, we propose that the moderating effects of the performance and personal liking bases of LMX differentiation are magnified by the levels of reward interdependence. Specifically, under a high (vs. low) level of reward interdependence, LMX differentiation based on performance more strongly relates to high group cooperation and low group social undermining, whereas LMX differentiation with a personal liking basis is more likely to decrease group cooperation and increase group social undermining. Group cooperation and social undermining are then hypothesized to convey the three‐way interactive effects of LMX differentiation, its two bases, and reward interdependence on subsequent group performance. Analyses of data from 328 sales groups of a large retailer support the core part of our contingency model of LMX differentiation.     

Is the Lateralized Categorical Perception of Color a Situational Effect of Language on Color Perception?

This study investigated whether and how a person's varied series of lexical categories corresponding to different discriminatory characteristics of the same colors affect his or her perception of colors. In three experiments, Chinese participants were primed to categorize four graduated colors—specifically dark green, light green, light blue, and dark blue—into green and blue; light color and dark color; and dark green, light green, light blue, and dark blue. The participants were then required to complete a visual search task. Reaction times in the visual search task indicated that different lateralized categorical perceptions (CPs) of color corresponded to the various priming situations. These results suggest that all of the lexical categories corresponding to different discriminatory characteristics of the same colors can influence people's perceptions of colors and that color perceptions can be influenced differently by distinct types of lexical categories depending on the context.     

基于长尾效应的儿童创伤后应激障碍转归机制及干预策略

儿童PTSD具有“长尾效应”, 疾病负担重、发展结局存在较大异质性, 但是少有研究对我国儿童PTSD的转归进行系统性研究, 其转归类型、路径尚不明晰, 更缺少促进儿童PTSD复原的干预研究。因此, 本研究拟对儿童及青少年进行追踪调查和准实验研究, 探讨儿童PTSD的发展轨迹及转归类型和机制, 验证基于学校的综合干预服务对促进儿童PTSD恢复的效果, 为儿童PTSD干预及个性化诊疗提供证据。     

Job load,job stress,and job exhaustion among Chinese junior middle school teachers: Job satisfaction as a mediator and teacher’s role as a moderator

Social Psychology of Education - Job exhaustion is not uncommon among Chinese middle school teachers, but the key antecedents of job exhaustion and the underlying mechanisms in this historically...     

老年心血管疾病患者合并焦虑抑郁的现状及处理

如今心血管疾病成为主流慢性病,更是老年人的常见病,同时焦虑、抑郁的问题越来越受到广泛重视.作为医生首先要能够正确识别医学无法解释的焦虑、抑郁的躯体症状,运用明确的阴性的客观证据使患者了解自己症状并非器质性病变,同时给予相应的抗焦虑、抑郁的治疗,以真正消除患者的痛苦.