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151.
152.
Nina Reinholt Ruth Aharoni Clas Winding Nicole Rosenberg Bent Rosenbaum Sidse Arnfred 《Cognitive behaviour therapy》2017,46(1):29-43
Comorbidity among the anxiety disorders is common and may negatively impact treatment outcome. Potentially, transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBT) deal more effectively with comorbidity than standard CBT. The present study tested the effectiveness of The Unified Protocol (UP) applied to Mental Health Services. Pre-post-treatment effects were examined for psychiatric outpatients with anxiety disorders receiving UP treatment in groups. Forty-seven patients (mean-age = 34.1 (SD = 9.92), 77% females) with a principal diagnosis of anxiety were included. We found significant and clinically meaningful changes in the primary outcomes Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI-S; d = 1.36), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS; d = .71), and WHO-5 Well-being Index (WHO-5; d = .54). Also, comorbid depressive symptoms and levels of positive and negative affect changed significantly after treatment. Patients with high levels of comorbidity profited as much as patients with less comorbidity; however, these patients had higher scores after treatment due to higher symptom burden at onset. Patients with comorbid depression profited more from treatment than patients without comorbid depression. The treatment effects found in the present study correspond to treatment effects of other TCBT studies, other UP group studies, and effectiveness studies on standard CBT for outpatients. The results indicate that the UP can be successfully applied to a MHS group setting, demonstrating positive effects on anxiety and depressive symptoms for even highly comorbid cases. 相似文献
153.
154.
Kateryna Savelieva Laura Pulkki-Råback Markus Jokela Mirka Hintsanen Päivi Merjonen Nina Hutri-Kähönen Markus Juonala Jorma Viikari Olli Raitakari Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen 《Journal of child and family studies》2017,26(8):2191-2201
Intergenerational continuity in parenting quality has been demonstrated but the mechanisms underlying this continuity are less understood. This study investigated whether the offspring personality and years of education mediate the continuity in qualities of the parent–child relationship and whether offspring personality moderates this association. The sample comprised 1308 Finnish offspring (G2; 62% female) and their mothers (G1). G1 (Mean age?=?37.7) reported self-perceived qualities of the parent–child relationship in terms of emotional warmth and acceptance towards G2 aged 3–18 years in 1980. Thirty-two years later, once having become parents themselves, G2 (Mean age?=?42.9) self-rated their own qualities of the parent–child relationship towards their children using the same scales. Between these follow-ups, G2 self-rated their personality (consisting of temperament and character traits) using the Temperament and Character Inventory and reported years of education. Results indicated that G2 character traits—Self-directedness and Cooperativeness—partially mediated the intergenerational continuity in self-perceived emotional warmth and explained 16% of this association. No mediating role of G2 temperament traits was found (all ps?>?.240). Character traits accounted for the indirect association better than education in a multiple mediator model. Moreover, no moderating role of either temperament or character traits was found (all ps?≥?.064). Study findings show that warm and accepting qualities of the parent–child relationship in childhood are related to offspring character traits that reflect personality maturity in adulthood, which in turn would predict their own positive parent–child relationship later in life. 相似文献
155.
Berenson KR Downey G Rafaeli E Coifman KG Paquin NL 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2011,120(3):681-690
Though long-standing clinical observation reflected in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.) suggests that the rage characteristic of borderline personality disorder (BPD) often appears in response to perceived rejection, the role of perceived rejection in triggering rage in BPD has never been empirically tested. Extending basic personality research on rejection sensitivity to a clinical sample, a priming-pronunciation experiment and a 21-day experience-sampling diary examined the contingent relationship between perceived rejection and rage in participants diagnosed with BPD compared with healthy controls. Despite the differences in these 2 assessment methods, the indices of rejection-contingent rage that they both produced were elevated in the BPD group and were strongly interrelated. They provide corroborating evidence that reactions to perceived rejection significantly explain the rage seen in BPD. 相似文献
156.
Gaze direction is an important cue that regulates social interactions and facilitates joint attention. Although humans are very accurate in determining gaze directions in general, they have a surprisingly liberal criterion for the presence of mutual gaze. Using an established psychophysical task that required observers to adjust the eyes of a virtual head to the margins of the area of mutual gaze, we examined whether the resulting cone of gaze is altered in people with social phobia. It turned out that during presence of a second virtual person, the gaze cone's width was specifically enlarged in patients with social phobia as compared to healthy controls. The size of this effect was correlated with the severity of social anxiety. As this effect was found for merely virtual lookers, it seems to be a fundamental mechanism rather than a specific effect related to the fear of being observed and evaluated by others. 相似文献
157.
People perceive that if their memories and moral beliefs changed, they would change. We investigated why individuals respond this way. In Study 1, participants judged that identity would change more after changes to memories and widely shared moral beliefs (e.g., about murder) versus preferences and controversial moral beliefs (e.g., about abortion). The extent to which participants judged that changes would affect their relationships predicted identity change (Study 2) and mediated the relationship between type of moral belief and perceived identity change (Study 3). We discuss the role that social relationships play in judgments of identity and highlight implications for psychology and philosophy. 相似文献
158.
Roman Osinsky Nina Alexander Helge Gebhardt Juergen Hennig 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(3):372-381
Recently, it has been assumed that high- and low-trait-anxious subjects differ in the way they use fundamental cognitive control
mechanisms. The present study was designed to further elucidate this topic by focusing on trial-to-trial adjustments in neuronal
correlates of conflict processing. An electroencephalogram was recorded while subjects (N=71) performed a gender discrimination
version of the Stroop task. The conflict-related N400 of the ERP was influenced by an interaction between trait anxiety and
previous trial context: An additional negative-going deflection in the N400 range was observed when the target—distractor
pairing of the directly preceding trial was incongruent, but only in highly anxious subjects. Thus, highly anxious subjects
appear to more strongly engage neuronal modules involved in conflict monitoring when previously exposed to a high stimulus-response
conflict. These results indicate that trait anxiety is crucially linked to the way the cognitive system dynamically adapts
to recent demands. 相似文献
159.
Sandra T. Sigmon Jennifer J. Pells Nina E. Boulard Stacy Whitcomb-Smith Teresa M. Edenfield Barbara A. Hermann Stephanie M. LaMattina Janell G. Schartel Elizabeth Kubik 《Sex roles》2005,53(5-6):401-411
This study was designed to revisit the response bias hypothesis, which posits that gender differences in depression prevalence
rates may reflect a tendency for men to underreport depressive symptoms. In this study, we examined aspects of gender role
socialization (gender-related traits, socially desirable responding, beliefs about mental health and depression) that may
contribute to a response bias in self-reports of depression. In addition, we investigated the impact of two contextual variables
(i.e., cause of depression and level of intrusiveness of experimental follow-up) on self-reports of depressive symptoms. Results
indicated that men, but not women, reported fewer depressive symptoms when consent forms indicated that a more involved follow-up
might occur. Further, results indicated differential responding by men and women on measures of gender-related traits, mental
health beliefs, and beliefs about depression and predictors of depressed mood. Together, our results support the assertion
that, in specific contexts, a response bias explanation warrants further consideration in investigations of gender differences
in rates of self-reported depression. 相似文献
160.
在阅读时,读者可以获取副中央凹处的词汇信息,副中央凹加工是构成流畅阅读的重要因素。本研究从儿童语言发展的角度,通过3个实验(共534名被试),考察了汉语视觉字词加工中2~5年级学生的字形、语音、语义预视效应。结果发现:(1)2~5年级小学生均有字形预视效应;(2)2、3年级学生没有语音预视效应,4、5年级学生有此效应;(3)2年级学生没有语义预视效应,3、4、5年级学生有此效应。这表明,低水平的视觉信息—字形信息在儿童副中央凹加工中一直稳定地发挥作用;高水平的语言信息—语音和语义信息,随着儿童年级的升高和阅读技能的提升,逐渐地在儿童的副中央凹加工中发挥作用。儿童对汉字各类型信息的获取与使用的发展模式不同于拼音文字阅读发展理论的预测。 相似文献