排序方式: 共有82条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Ravaja N Turpeinen M Saari T Puttonen S Keltikangas-Järvinen L 《Emotion (Washington, D.C.)》2008,8(1):114-120
The authors examined emotional valence- and arousal-related phasic psychophysiological responses to different violent events in the first-person shooter video game "James Bond 007: NightFire" among 36 young adults. Event-related changes in zygomaticus major, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi electromyographic (EMG) activity and skin conductance level (SCL) were recorded, and the participants rated their emotions and the trait psychoticism based on the Psychoticism dimension of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire--Revised, Short Form. Wounding and killing the opponent elicited an increase in SCL and a decrease in zygomatic and orbicularis oculi EMG activity. The decrease in zygomatic and orbicularis oculi activity was less pronounced among high Psychoticism scorers compared with low Psychoticism scorers. The wounding and death of the player's own character (James Bond) elicited an increase in SCL and zygomatic and orbicularis oculi EMG activity and a decrease in corrugator activity. Instead of joy resulting from victory and success, wounding and killing the opponent may elicit high-arousal negative affect (anxiety), with high Psychoticism scorers experiencing less anxiety than low Psychoticism scorers. Although counterintuitive, the wounding and death of the player's own character may increase some aspect of positive emotion. 相似文献
32.
The authors examined pre- and postpartum open-field (OF) behavior and maternal responsiveness in mice that they bidirectionally selected for OF thigmotaxis. The authors tested 40 female mice under 3 conditions: prepartum OF, postpartum OF, and a pup retrieval test. In both OF conditions, the high OF thigmotaxis (HOFT) mice were more thigmotactic but explored and reared less than the low OF thigmotaxis (LOFT) mice, indicating that the HOFT mice were more emotional. In the postpartum condition, the HOFT mothers also defecated more and ambulated less than the LOFT mothers. The increase in grooming after parturition was more conspicuous among the LOFT mothers than among the HOFT mothers. The LOFT mothers were also more attracted to their pups in the OF, but the retrieval test did not show any substantial line differences. The results suggested that the line difference in emotionality was more pronounced during lactation than during pregnancy, although parturition exerted no effect on thigmotaxis. 相似文献
33.
Niklas Gran Marianna Virtanen Jussi Vahtera Marko Elovainio Mika Kivimki 《Personality and individual differences》2004,37(8):1693-1700
This prospective study examined the relationships between impulsivity, smoking and alcohol use in a large non-clinical sample of 601 men and 4832 women working in 12 Finnish hospitals. Data on impulsivity, smoking and alcohol consumption were collected by two questionnaires with a two-year interval. At baseline, impulsivity was associated with smoking and alcohol use. After controlling for baseline smoking, impulsivity predicted increased number of cigarettes smoked per day in women (p=0.08), but not in men. After controlling for alcohol use at baseline, impulsivity predicted increased alcohol consumption similarly in both genders (p<0.01). Higher impulsivity was also associated with increased likelihood of taking up smoking or becoming a heavy drinker (p<0.05). This evidence suggests that impulsivity contributes to increasing health risk behaviours. 相似文献
34.
Eva M. Bracht Lucas Monzani Diana Boer S. Alexander Haslam Rudolf Kerschreiter Jérémy E. Lemoine Niklas K. Steffens Serap Arslan Akfirat Lorenzo Avanzi Bita Barghi Kitty Dumont Charlotte M. Edelmann Olga Epitropaki Katrien Fransen Steffen Giessner Ilka H. Gleibs Roberto González Ana Laguía González Jukka Lipponen Yannis Markovits Fernando Molero Juan A. Moriano Pedro Neves Gábor Orosz Christine Roland-Lévy Sebastian C. Schuh Tomoki Sekiguchi Lynda Jiwen Song Joana S. P. Story Jeroen Stouten Srinivasan Tatachari Daniel Valdenegro Lisanne van Bunderen Viktor Vörös Sut I. Wong Farida Youssef Xin-an Zhang Rolf van Dick 《Psychologie appliquee》2023,72(1):348-388
Innovation is considered essential for today's organizations to survive and thrive. Researchers have also stressed the importance of leadership as a driver of followers' innovative work behavior (FIB). Yet, despite a large amount of research, three areas remain understudied: (a) The relative importance of different forms of leadership for FIB; (b) the mechanisms through which leadership impacts FIB; and (c) the degree to which relationships between leadership and FIB are generalizable across cultures. To address these lacunae, we propose an integrated model connecting four types of positive leadership behaviors, two types of identification (as mediating variables), and FIB. We tested our model in a global data set comprising responses of N = 7,225 participants from 23 countries, grouped into nine cultural clusters. Our results indicate that perceived LMX quality was the strongest relative predictor of FIB. Furthermore, the relationships between both perceived LMX quality and identity leadership with FIB were mediated by social identification. The indirect effect of LMX on FIB via social identification was stable across clusters, whereas the indirect effects of the other forms of leadership on FIB via social identification were stronger in countries high versus low on collectivism. Power distance did not influence the relations. 相似文献
35.
Habituation of the orienting response is a pivotal part of selective attention, and previous research has related working
memory capacity (WMC) to attention control. Against this background, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether
individual differences in WMC contribute to habituation rate. The participants categorized visual targets across six blocks
of trials. Each target was preceded either by a standard sound or, on rare trials, by a deviant. The magnitude of the deviation
effect (i.e., prolonged response time when the deviant was presented) was relatively large in the beginning but attenuated
toward the end. There was no relationship between WMC and the deviation effect at the beginning, but there was at the end,
and greater WMC was associated with greater habituation. These results indicate that high memory ability increases habituation
rate, and they support theories proposing a role for cognitive control in habituation and in some forms of auditory distraction. 相似文献
36.
Tina B. Lonsdorf Pernilla Juth Christin Rohde Martin Schalling Arne Öhman 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2014,14(1):354-363
Fundamental biases in affective information processing are modulated by individual differences in the emotional response to environmental stimuli that may be partly based on the individual’s genetic make-up. To extend prior dot probe studies on attention genetics, we used a visual-search paradigm (VSP) with pictures of angry and happy faces of both sexes as targets, neutral faces as distractors, and a varying set size. Participants were selected a priori depending on their 5-HTTLPR (s/s, s/l, l/l; on a constant rs25531 A-allele background) and COMTval158met (val/val, valmet, met/met) genotypes and were matched for sex and age. We demonstrate a bias towards angry male faces (as opposed to happy male faces) irrespective of 5-HTTLPR genotype in the first experimental block that was maintained during the second experimental block only in carriers of the s-allele, which implies differential habituation processes. While a bias towards angry male faces was observed irrespective of COMTval158met genotype, only individuals with the val/val genotype exhibited a bias towards a happy female face (as opposed to an angry female face). In sum, our results both replicate and extend prior findings in the field of attention genetics and add important pieces of information to the research on attentional biases in emotion processing. 相似文献
37.
A child's ability to continuously pay attention to a cognitive task is often challenged by distracting events. Distraction is especially detrimental in a learning or classroom environment in which attended information is typically associated with establishing skills and knowledge. Here we report a study examining the effect of emotional distractors on performance in a subsequent visual lexical decision task in 11- to 13-year-old students (n=30). Lexical decisions about neutral verbs and verb-like pseudowords (i.e., targets) were analysed as a function of the preceding distractor type (pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant photos) and the picture–target stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA; 200 or 600 ms). Across distractor categories, emotionally arousing pictures prolonged decisions about word targets when compared to neutral pictures, irrespective of the SOA. The present results demonstrate that similar to adults, early adolescent students exhibit sustained susceptibility to cognitive interference by irrelevant emotional events. 相似文献
38.
When multiple objects are presented briefly and simultaneously in a visual array, visual short-term memory (VSTM) can maintain
only a limited number of these items. The present research report reveals that splitting the to-be-remembered items into two
sequential arrays significantly increases VSTM performance relative to the simultaneous presentation of the same items. A
memory benefit also emerges when the full object array is flashed twice (repeated) rather than being presented continuously
for the same duration. Moreover, the sequential and repetition benefits are specifically pronounced for individuals with low
performance for simultaneously presented items. Our results suggest that the conventional, simultaneous presentation mode
may underestimate VSTM performance due to attentional limitations and/or competition between stimulus representations. In
contrast, temporal segregation of the stimulus input may help participants maximize their performance and utilize their full
VSTM capacity. 相似文献
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