瓜蒌皮与前列地尔预处理对心肌缺血再灌注的影响

探讨瓜蒌皮和前列地尔预处理对心肌缺血再灌注的作用机制.通过建立SD大鼠心肌缺血再灌注的模型,采用Tunel法检测组织样本细胞凋亡和免疫组化法检测bax,bcl-2,caspase-3的蛋白表达情况进行研究.结果显示,瓜蒌皮和前列地尔半剂量联合组的凋亡细胞数、Bax和caspase-3的蛋白表达量较其他各实验组均明显降低,Bcl-2的表达量升高,且有统计学意义(P＜0.05);瓜蒌皮单用药组也表现为凋亡细胞数、Bax和caspase-3的表达量降低,Bcl-2的表达量升高,但程度不如两组联合用药组.实验可以证明细胞凋亡发生在心肌缺血/再灌注损伤中,瓜蒌皮可对心肌缺血/再灌注起保护作用,并且与前列地尔联合后更有利于对心肌细胞的保护作用.     

Emotions that associate with uncertainty lead to structured ideation

This study tested the role of emotion in structured ideation, a process in which newly generated ideas and insights closely follow previously generated ideas and insights. Emotions can be differentiated on a number of underlying dimensions, including uncertainty, and uncertainty can influence information processing. On these grounds, we proposed and tested the idea that (1) emotions that associate with appraisals of uncertainty (fear, sadness) lead to more structured ideation than emotions that associate with appraisals of certainty (happiness, anger) and that (2) appraisals of uncertainty drive this effect. Findings of four experiments on idea generation in which (un)certainty was primed (Study 1) and emotions were induced through self-generated imagery (Study 2-4) supported these predictions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).     

Self‐Concept Clarity and the Management of Social Conflict

ABSTRACT: In 4 studies we examined the relationship between self‐concept clarity and conflict management. Individuals with higher self‐concept clarity were overall more active and showed more cooperative problem‐solving behavior than people with low self‐concept clarity. There were no relationships with contending or yielding. The positive relationship with cooperative behavior was mediated by less rumination (Study 2) and moderated by conflict intensity (Study 3). Specifically, it applied to relatively mild conflicts (Study 3). Finally, Study 4 extended these findings to the group level: Dyad members with higher self‐concept clarity engaged in problem solving, whereas dyad members with lower self‐concept clarity did not. We conclude that higher self‐concept clarity associates with proactive problem solving in social conflict.     

环境基因组计划(EGP)对预防医学发展的影响

1998年美国正式启动环境基因组计划,该计划旨在探讨环境－基因的交互作用,寻找对环境因素损伤的易感基因及环境反应基因的多态性在疾病病因和发病过程中的作用,因而该计划的实施将对预防医学的发展产生重要的影响。     

A Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Rumination and Suicidality

Rumination has been persistently implicated in the etiology of hopelessness and depression, which are proximal predictors of suicidality. As a result, researchers have started to examine the role of rumination in suicidality. This systematic review provides a concise synopsis of the current progress in examining the relationship between rumination and suicidality, and highlights areas for future research. A search of the international literature was conducted using the three main psychological and medical databases. Eleven studies were identified providing evidence, with one exception, of a relationship between rumination and suicidality. This review also highlights the considerable dearth of studies on this area of concern, specifically of case‐control and prospective, clinical studies, in the worldwide literature.     

Working memory benefits creative insight, musical improvisation, and original ideation through maintained task-focused attention

Anecdotes from creative eminences suggest that executive control plays an important role in creativity, but scientific evidence is sparse. Invoking the Dual Pathway to Creativity Model, the authors hypothesize that working memory capacity (WMC) relates to creative performance because it enables persistent, focused, and systematic combining of elements and possibilities (persistence). Study 1 indeed showed that under cognitive load, participants performed worse on a creative insight task. Study 2 revealed positive associations between time-on-task and creativity among individuals high but not low in WMC, even after controlling for general intelligence. Study 3 revealed that across trials, semiprofessional cellists performed increasingly more creative improvisations when they had high rather than low WMC. Study 4 showed that WMC predicts original ideation because it allows persistent (rather than flexible) processing. The authors conclude that WMC benefits creativity because it enables the individual to maintain attention focused on the task and prevents undesirable mind wandering.     

尼可地尔与前列地尔预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注的影响

研究尼可地尔、前列地尔及两药物联合应用预处理对心肌缺血再灌注中的影响,探究其作用机制.采用Tunel法检测心肌组织的凋亡情况,免疫组化法检测Bax、Bcl-2和caspase-3的蛋白表达情况.结果显示尼可地尔和前列地尔半剂量联合组细胞凋亡数、Bax和caspase-3的表达量均明显低于其他给药组(P＜0.05),Bcl-2的表达量明显高于其他给药组(P＜0.05);尼可地尔和前列地尔单给药组细胞凋亡、Bax、caspase-3表达均有降低,Bcl-2表达升高,但效果不及联合用药半剂量组.以此得出结论尼可地尔和前列地尔的联合用药效果较好,可加强对心肌的保护作用.     

Do Our Psychological Laws Apply Only to College Students?: External Validity Revisited

That most psychological research is conducted with students led to concerns that psychological laws apply only to this population. These fears are based on Campbell and Stanley’s concept of external validity that specifies the extent to which research findings can be generalized. This concept is based on an inductivist philosophy. As philosophers of science have argued since Hume, one cannot derive general laws from singular observations. Instead, one develops theories and uses empirical studies to test these theories. This solves the problem of generalization because the domain of applicability is specified by the theory. Reports that studies result in different findings when conducted in different cultures are unproblematic as long as these differences can be explained with psychological theories.     

Assessing Parenting Behaviors in Euro–Canadian and East Asian Immigrant Mothers: Limitations to Observations of Responsiveness

The use of parenting measures that are developed for use with Western families without testing their validity among families from non-Western cultural backgrounds may not be appropriate. Similar parenting behaviors may affect child outcomes in different ways across different cultures. This study examined the cross-cultural validity of an observational Maternal Responsiveness coding system and of self-reports of lax/inconsistent parenting in Euro–Canadian (n = 23) and East Asian immigrant mothers (n = 23) of 4- to 7-year-old sons. In Euro–Canadian mothers, observed parenting responsiveness was associated with less lax/inconsistent parenting and fewer child behavior problems. In East Asian immigrant mothers, however, observations of greater responsiveness were not related to reports of lax/inconsistent parenting, and were associated with greater child behavior problems. Implications for the use of these parenting measures across culture groups are discussed.