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101.
102.
Shannon B. Nicholson 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2017,26(5):475-492
External mechanisms and batterer behaviors have commonly been cited as to why women remain in intimate partner violence relationships. However, past research has generally minimized the focus on individual psychological elements of victims that perpetuate their commitments to abusers. The current review proposes the potential for cognitive dissonance resolution as an underlying mechanism to affect female victims’ stay/leave decisions while in domestically violent relationships. High and low levels of self-esteem differentially affect the resolution of cognitive dissonance as explained by self-consistency and self-affirmation theories. Theories of commitment including the foot-in-the-door principle, justification of effort, and the investment model are applied specifically to the arousal of dissonance in victims. The importance of taking into account the mechanisms of dissonance arousal and subsequent reduction techniques are proposed for treating this population and preventing similar relationships in the future. 相似文献
103.
This study examined whether age-related differences in cognition influence later memory for irrelevant, or distracting, information. In Experiments 1 and 2, older adults had greater implicit memory for irrelevant information than younger adults did. When explicit memory was assessed, however, the pattern of results reversed: Younger adults performed better than older adults on an explicit memory test for the previously irrelevant information, and older adults performed less well than they had on the implicit test. Experiment 3 investigated whether this differential pattern was attributable to an age-related decline in encoding resources, by reducing the encoding resources of younger adults with a secondary task; their performance perfectly simulated the pattern shown by the older adults in the first two experiments. Both older and younger adults may remember irrelevant information, but they remember it in different ways because of age-related changes in how information is processed at encoding and utilized at retrieval. 相似文献
104.
PeiYao Chen Faedra Lazar Weiss Heather Johnston Nicholson 《American journal of community psychology》2010,46(1-2):228-237
Between 2004 and 2007, Girls Incorporated® conducted research about the experience of five affiliates from different parts of the United States as they engaged with girls in Girls Study Girls Inc., a participatory evaluation project that explored the meaning and impact of Girls Inc. environments and uncovered ways such environments can be improved. We describe the context and motivation for using participatory action research [PAR] in Girls Inc. environments and discuss the relevance and importance of PAR for organizations that empower girls and young women. We explain the process of training and engaging Girls Inc. members in research, discuss the effectiveness of Girls Study Girls Inc. as an evaluation strategy, and conclude this article with lessons learned and recommendations for using PAR in evaluating youth development programs. 相似文献
105.
Nigel Edley 《Sex roles》2006,55(9-10):601-608
In recent years there have been a number of attempts by different researchers to study men and masculinity using a combination of discourse theory and psychoanalysis. The main reason for this development is the sense that, on its own, discourse theory provides an incomplete account of masculine subjectivity. Psychoanalysis is thought to be able to fill those gaps. In this paper I reviewed these arguments, provided an outline of the alleged deficiencies in discursive approaches to men and masculinity, and examined some of the work that has attempted the above synthesis. I argued that, for a number of reasons, such attempts are bound to fail. Instead, I argued that better progress can be made in studies of masculinity by remaining within the theoretical boundaries of Discursive Psychology. 相似文献
106.
- This study empirically investigates the impacts of consumer ethnocentrism and cultural sensitivity on both imported product judgment and intention to purchase local products in the context of a developing country—Vietnam. Structural equation modeling was used to test these impacts, utilizing a sample of 549 consumers. The results show that consumer ethnocentrism is negatively related to imported product judgment and positively related to intention to purchase local products. In addition, cultural sensitivity has a positive relationship with imported product judgment but not with consumer ethnocentrism. The results also indicate that the impacts of consumer ethnocentrism on imported product judgment and on intention to purchase local products are not different in terms of product categories, gender, income, and education levels. However, differences exist between younger and older consumers.
107.
Four groups of undergraduates (half of each gender) experienced a movement along a corridor containing three distinctive objects, in a virtual environment (VE) with wide-screen projection. One group simulated walking along the virtual corridor using a proprietary step-exercise device. A second group moved along the corridor in conventional flying mode, depressing a keyboard key to initiate continuous forward motion. Two further groups observed the walking and flying participants, by viewing their progress on the screen. Participants then had to walk along a real equivalent but empty corridor, and indicate the positions of the three objects. All groups underestimated distances in the real corridor, the greatest underestimates occurring for the middle distance object. Males' underestimations were significantly lower than females' at all distances. However, there was no difference between the active participants and passive observers, nor between walking and flying conditions. 相似文献
108.
Brian C. Nolan Daniel A. Nicholson John H. Freeman 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,37(4):293-310
The cerebellum and related brainstem structures are essential for excitatory eyeblink conditioning. Recent evidence indicates
that the cerebellar interpositus and lateral pontine nuclei may also play critical roles in conditioned inhibition (CI) of
the eyeblink response. The current study examined the role of GABAergic inhibition of the interpositus nucleus in retention
of CI. Male Long-Evans rats were implanted with a cannula positioned just above or in the anterior interpositus nucleus before
training. The rats were trained with two different tones and a light as conditioned stimuli, and a periorbital shock as the
unconditioned stimulus. CI training consisted of four phases: 1) excitatory conditioning (8 kHz tone paired with shock); 2)
feature-negative discrimination (2 kHz tone paired with shock or 2 kHz tone concurrent with light); 3) summation test (8 kHz
tone or 8 kHz tone concurrent with light); and 4) retardation test (light paired with shock) After reaching a criterion level
of performance on the feature-negative discrimination (40% discrimination), 0.5 μl picrotoxin (a GABAA receptor antagonist) was infused at one of four concentrations, each concentration infused during separte test sessions.
Picrotoxin transiently impaired conditioned responses during trials with the excitatory stimulus (tone) in a dose-dependent
manner, but did not significantly impact responding to the inhibitory compound stimulus (tone-light). The results suggest
that expression of conditioned inhibition of the eyeblink conditioned response does not require GABAergic inhibition of neurons
in the anterior interpositus nucleus. 相似文献
109.
Nigel K. Zimmermann 《Heythrop Journal》2009,50(6):982-995
The 'other' has taken on an increased theological significance for the Church in the advent of post-modern reflection, resulting in a myriad of possibilities for those who would reflect on the significance of the other in relation to the 'self', largely in connection with various theories of embodiment. Following Karol Wojtyla's (John Paul II) emphasis on the given-ness of the body I wish to illustrate a way in which the other might be understood theologically, informed by the insights of the continental philosophical tradition, specifically Emmanuel Levinas' phenomenological outline of the other as a key locus of ethical reflection. Bringing Levinas' continental philosophy into dialogue with Wojtyla's philosophical theology, it will be argued that the other must be re-approached in terms of their subjective self-disclosure, centring upon the en-fleshed and bodily form of the human person, who confronts us as a reflection of both that which is most other to ourselves (the divine) and paradoxically that which most resembles ourselves (the human). The other is always an en-fleshed subject and in their action, their subjective identity is disclosed on the relational level. 相似文献
110.
Nigel Pleasants 《Philosophia》2009,37(4):669-679
In On Certainty, Wittgenstein’s reflections bring into view the phenomenon of basic certainty. He explores this phenomenon
mostly in relation to our certainty with regard to empirical states of affairs. Drawing on these seminal observations and
reflections, I extend the inquiry into what I call “basic moral certainty”, arguing that the latter plays the same kind of
foundational role in our moral practices and judgements as basic empirical certainty does in our epistemic practices and judgements.
I illustrate the nature and significance of basic moral certainty via critical examination of contemporary philosophical “explanations”
of the wrongness of killing. These pseudo explanations, as I show them to be, will be seen to founder in a similar manner
to Moore’s “Proof” of an external world, that is, in a manner that discloses the phenomenon of basic (moral) certainty. 相似文献