Book reviews

Pluralism and the Religions: the theological and political dimensions. John D'Arcy May (Ed.), 1998. London, Cassell. 99 pp., hb. n.p., ISBN 0 304 70258 7, pb. n.p., ISBN 0 304 70259 5

Islam: a concise introduction. Neal Robinson, 1999. London, Curzon. 256pp., hb. £40.00, ISBN 0 7007 1103 1; pb. £14.99, ISBN 0 7007 11007

Foundations of Islam: the making of a world faith. Benjamin Walker, 1998. London, Peter Owen. 384pp., hb. £30.00, ISBN 0 7206 1038 9

A Short History of the Isma'ilis: traditions of a Muslim community. Farhad Daftary, 1998. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. vii + 248pp., hb. n.p., ISBN 0 7486 0904 0; pb. £14.95, ISBN 0 7486 0687 4

Blick in die Zukunft: Festschrift für Smail Bali?. Ludwig Hagemann & Adel Theodor Khoury (Eds), 1998. Religionswissenschaftliche Studien 45. Würzburg, Echter Verlag/Altenberge, Oros Verlag. viii + 199, pp., pb. n.p., ISBN 3 429 02029 8/3 89375 161 0

Islam in Britain, 1558–1685. Nabil Matar, 1998. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. xi + 226 pp., hb. £35.00, ISBN 0 521 62233 6

Religions‐ og kulturm?de: Jens Enevoldsens virke blandt pathanerne 1958–1972. K. Bredvig, K.S. Chistensen & L. Hedelund (Eds), 1998. Herning, Denmark, Poul Kristensens Forlag. 272 pp. (+ 16 pp. in Pashto), hb. Dkr. 258.00, ISBN 870 7851 090 2

Arabs and the West: mutual images. J?rgen Nielsen & Sami Khasawnih (Eds), 1998. Amman, Jordan University Press. 161 pp. (English) & 160 pp. (Arabic), pb. £15.00,. reg. no. National Library (Jordan): 1505/9/1998

Between Cultures: continuity and change in the lives of young Asians. Muhammad Anwar, 1998. London, Routledge. 212pp., pb. £14.99, ISBN 0 415 04648 3; hb. £47.50, ISBN 0 415 04647 5

The Taliban: war, religion and the new order in Afghanistan. Peter Marsden, 1998. London/New York; Zed Books; Karachi, Oxford University Press.. + 162 pp, hb. £36.95, ISBN 1 8564 9 521 3; pb. £ 12.95, ISBN 1 8564 9522 1     

EARLY EXPERIENCE AND EXPLORATIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE WHITE RAT

Eleven rats were reared in a cage with moving figures. Eleven litter mates were reared in a similar cage but without figures. The rats from the more complex environment showed less locomotor activity in a checkerboard maze and, in a two-lever test box, higher preference for the lever which produced complex visual stimuli. It is proposed that rearing in stimulus poverty increases locomotor activity and reduces curiosity.     

Tone-on-tone binaural masking with an antiphasic masker

One pure tone (500 Hz) was used to mask another pure tone of the same frequency and duration. The signal and masker were presented in three binaural stimulus configurations, Mo-So, Mo-Sπ, and Mπ -So. The Mo-So condition is a diotic condition; the Mo-Sβ condition is a dichotic condition in which the masker is homophasic and the signal is antiphasic; and the Mπ-So condition is a dichotic condition in which the masker is antiphasic and the signal homophasic. The signal-to-masker ratio required for detection was measured in each condition as a function of the signal-plus-masker phase angle, α. The data showed that the difference in detection between the Mo-Sπ and Mπ-So conditions varied between 0 dB when α=0 deg and 11 dB when α=90 deg. The difference in detection between the Mo-Sπ and Mπ-So conditions is due to the Os’ sensitivities to the interaural phase difference present in the Mo-Sπ and Mπ-So conditions. The results are similar to those obtained in investigations involving lateralization. The difference between detection in either the Mo-Sπ or Mπ-So condition and that in the Mo-So condition (the MLD) was variable due to differences in the Os’ sensitivities in the Mo-So condition.     

Book reviews and notes

GENERAL.

UMMAH OR NATION?: IDENTITY CRISIS IN CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM SOCIETY. By Abdullah Al‐Ahsan. Wiltshire, U.K.: The Islamic Foundation, 1992. 158pp. Np. Pb. ISBN 0–86037–220–0; Hb. ISBN 0–86037–219–7.

GOLDEN ROADS, MIGRATION, PILGRIMAGE AND TRAVEL IN MEDIAEVAL AND MODERN ISLAM. Edited by Ian Richard Netton. London: Curzon Press Ltd., 1993. 193pp. Hb. £35.00; Pb. £16.99. ISBN Hb. 0–7007–0242–3; Pb. 0–7007–0243–1.

REGIONAL.

Africa.

THE ALHAZAI OF MARADI: TRADITIONAL HAUSA MERCHANTS IN A CHANGING SAHELIAN CITY. By Emmanuel Gregoire, edited and translated by Benjamin H. Hardy. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1992. 185pp. Hb. Np. ISBN 1–55587–278–6.

RELIGION AND PEACE IN MULTI‐FAITH NIGERIA. Edited by Jacob Olupona. Ile‐Ife, Nigeria: Obafemi Awolowo Univ. Press, 1992. 203pp. Pb. £7.50. No ISBN.

IN THE SHADOW OF CONQUEST: ISLAM IN COLONIAL NORTH EAST AFRICA. Edited by Said S. Samatar. New Jersey: Red Sea Press/African World Press, 1992.163pp. Pb. $12.95. ISBN 0–932415–70–9.

EUROPE.

IL RITORNO DELL'ISLAM: I MUSULMANI IN ITALIA. By Stefano Allievi and Felice Dassetto. Rome: Edizioni Lavoro, 1993. 291pp. Pb. Lire 35.000. ISBN 88–7910–541–8.

L'INSTITUT MUSULMAN DE LA MOSQUEE DE PARIS. By Alain Boyer. Paris: Centre des Hautes Etudes sur l'Afrique et l'Asie Modernes, 1992. 141pp. Pb. FF85. ISBN 2–903–182–34–5.

ASYLUM SEEKERS IN THE NETHERLANDS. Edited by Marjolein Brink and Mutiari Pasariboe. Amsterdam: Instituut voor Sociale Geografie, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1993. 98pp. Pb. DF117.50. ISBN 90–6993–079‐X.

EUROPE AND INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION. By Sarah Collinson. London and New York: Printer for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1993. 189pp. Hb. Np. ISBN 1–85567–049–6.

EUROPE'S FRAGMENTED IDENTITIES AND THE FRONTIERS OF CITIZENSHIP. By Soledad Garcia. Discussion papers, no. 45. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1992.26pp. Pb. £5.00. ISSN 0951–4171.

TOLERATION AND INTEGRITY IN A MULTI‐FAITH SOCIETY. Edited by John Horton and Harriet Crabtree. Department of Politics, University of York, 1992. 79pp. Pb. Np. ISBN 0–9519979–0–4.

TURKISH ATHENS: THE FORGOTTEN CENTURIES 1452–1832. By Molly Mackenzie. Reading: Garnet Press, 1993. 148pp. Pb. Np. ISBN 0–86372–143–5.

NOT EASY BEING BRITISH: COLOUR, CULTURE AND CITIZENSHIP. By Tariq Modood. Stoke‐on‐Trent: Trentham Books for Runnymede Trust, 1992. 93pp. Pb. £7.95. ISBN 0–948–080–47–7.

ISLAMIC DA'WAH IN THE WEST: MUSLIM MISSIONARY ACTIVITY AND THE DYNAMICS OF CONVERSION TO ISLAM. By Larry Poston. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. 220pp. Np. ISBN 0–19–507227–8.

Middle East.

THE ARAB PREDICAMENT: ARAB POLITICAL THOUGHT AND PRACTICE SINCE 1967. By Fouad Ajami. 2nd Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 279pp. Pb. $11.95. ISBN 0–521–43833–0; Hb. $44.95. ISBN 6–521–43243‐X.

THE POLITICS OF PLANTING: ISRADLI‐PALESTINIAN COMPETITION FOR CONTROL OF LAND IN THE JERUSALEM PERIPHERY. By Shaul Ephraim Cohen. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. 203pp. Pb. $19.50. ISBN 0–226–11274–4.

BALADI WOMEN OF CAIRO. By Evelyn A. Early. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1992. 217pp. £29.85. ISBN 1–55587–277–8.

MIXED COURTS OF EGYPT. By Mark Hoyle. London: Graham & Trotwood, 1991. 206pp. Hb. £57.50; $117.00 (including surface postage). ISBN 1–85333–321–2.

CHRISTIAN‐MUSLIM RELA TIONS.

YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMOROW. By Munawar Ahmad Anees, Syed Z. Abedin and Ziauddin Sardar. London: Grey Seal Books, 1991. 96pp. Pb. £5.95. ISBN 185–6400212.

CHRISTIAN MISSION AND ISLAMIC DA'WAH IN MALAYSIA. By Ghazali Basri. Kuala Lumpur: Nurin Enterprise, 1992. 68pp. Pb. $5.00. ISBN 967–984–0190–0.

THE BOUNDARIES OF GOD: MUSLIMS IN CONTACT WITH NON‐MUSLIMS. Edited by David Bentley. Pasadena, Ca.: Zwemer Institute of Muslim Studies, 1993. 42pp. Np. No ISBN.

THE SEVENTH CENTURY IN WEST‐SYRIAN CHRONICLES INCLUDING TWO SEVENTH‐CENTURY SYRIAC APOCALYPTIC TEXTS. Translated by Andrew Palmer and edited by Sebastian Brock and Robert Hoyland. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1993. 305pp. Pb. £10.00. ISBN 8–85323–238–5.

SIGNS OF DIALOGUE: CHRISTIAN ENCOUNTER WITH MUSLIMS. By Michael Fitzgerald and Robert Caspar. Zamboanga City, Philippines: Silsilah Publications, 1992. x + 245pp. Pb. Np. ISBN 971–31–0005–0.

DIEU AIME CELUIQUIAIME LES DATTES; DIALOGUE JUDEO‐ISLAMO‐CHRETIEN. By Andrée Ghillet. Paris: Editions l'Harmattan, 1993. 286pp. Pb. FF140. ISBN 2–7384–1667–5.

MUSLIMS AND MISSIONARIES IN PRE‐MUTINY INDIA. By Avril A. Powell. London: Curzon Press, 1993. 339pp. Hb. £30. ISBN 0–7007–0210–5.

ORIENTAL RESPONSES TO THE WEST: COMPARATIVE ESSAYS IN SELECTED WRITERS FROM THE MUSLIM WORLD. By Nasrin Rahimieh. Leiden: Brill, 1990. 124pp. Pb. Np. ISBN 90–04–09177–7.

WOMEN IN SOCIETY ACCORDING TO ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY. Acts of a Muslim‐Christian Colloquium organized jointly by The Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue (Vatican City)and The Royal Academy for Islamic Civilization Research Al Albait Foundation (Amman). 24–26 June 1992. Rome, Italy: Vatican Press. 126pp. Pb. Np. No ISBN.     

Books reviews and notes

GENERAL.

ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM. By Youssef M. Choueiri. Themes in Right‐Wing Ideology and Politics Series, ed. Roger Eatwell, University of Bath. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990. 178pp. Hb. £27.50. ISBN 0–86187–923–6.

THE POLITICS OF PAN‐ISLAM: IDEOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION. By Jacob M. Landau. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990. 438pp. n.p. ISBN 0–19–827709–1.

“IHR ALLE ABER SEID BRÜDER”: FESTSCHRIFT FÜR A.Th. Khoury ZUM 60. GEBURTSTAG (“BUT ALL OF YOU ARE BROTHERS”: FESTSCHRIFT FOR A.Th. Khoury ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 6OTH BIRTHDAY). Ludwig Hagemann and Ernst Pulsfort (Hg.). Würzburger Forschungen zur Missions und Religionswissenschaft Abt. 2, Religionswissenschaftliche Studien 14. Würzburg: Echter; Altenberge: Telos‐Verlag, 1990. 640pp. Pb., n.p. ISBN 3–429–01303–8 (Echter); Hb., n.p. ISBN 3–429–01304–6 (Echter).

ORIENTALISM, ISLAM AND ISLAMISTS. Edited by Asaf Hussain, R. Olson & J. Qureshi. Brattleboro, Vermont: Amanda Books, 1984. 300pp. Pb.$9.95.

HERETIC AND HERO: Muhammad and the Victorians. By Philip C. Almond. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1989. 107pp. Hb. DM48.00. ISBN 0340‐ 6792.

THE ISLAMIC LAW OF PERSONAL STATUS. By Jamal J. Nasir. Arab and Islamic Laws Series. London: Graham & Trotman, 1990 (2nd edition). 358pp. Pb. £29.00, $55.00. ISBN 1–85333–280–1.

THE STATUS OF WOMEN UNDER ISLAMIC LAW. By Jamal J. Nasir. Arab and Islamic Laws Series. London: Graham & Trotman, 1990. 151pp. Pb. £29.50, $56.00. ISBN 1–85333–281‐X.

AN OVERVIEW OF MODERN ARABIC LITERATURE. By P. Cachia. Islamic Surveys no. 17. Edinburgh: University Press, 1990. 241pp. Hb., n.p. ISBN‐0‐ 7486–0132–5.

ENIGMATIC SAINT: Ahmad IBN Idris AND THE IDRISI TRADITION. By R.S. O'Fahey. London: Hurst and Company, 1990. 261pp. Hb. £25.00. ISBN 1–85065–087‐X.

ISLAM: THE STRAIGHT PATH. By John L. Esposito. New York. Oxford: OUP, 1988. viii + 230pp. Pb. £6.95. ISBN 0–19–504399–5.

CALLIGRAPHY AND ISLAMIC CULTURE. By Annemarie Schim‐mel. London: I.B. Tauris, 1990. xiv + 264pp. Pb. £14.95. ISBN 1–85043–187–6.

A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF SIKHISM. By W. Owen Cole and P. Singh Sambhi. London: Curzon Press and Glenn Dale: The Riverside Company, 1990. 163pp. Pb. £4.50. ISBN 0–70O7–0202–4.

SUNSHINE AT MADINAH. By Zakaria Bashier. Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 1990. 232pp. Pb., n.p. ISBN 0–86037–196–4.

ISLAMISCHER INTERNATIONALISMUS IM 20. JAHRHUNDERT (SLAMIC INTERNATIONALISM IN THE 20TH CENTURY). By Reinhard Schulze. Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East, Vol.XII. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1990. 509pp. Hb. DF187.00, $93.50. ISBN 90–04–08268–7.

THE LANTERN OF THE PATH. By Ja'far Al‐Sadiq. London: Zahra Trust, 143pp. Pb. £6.95. ISBN 1–85230–062–0.

ISLAMIC BANKING. Edited and translated by Habib Shirazi. London: Butterworths, 1990. 104pp. Hb., n.p. ISBN 0–406–10035–7.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC LIBRARY COLLECTIONS IN WESTERN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA. By Stephan Roman. London: Mansell, 1990. 259pp. Hb. £40.00. ISBN 0–7201–2065–9.

LIVING RELIGIONS: AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF THE WORLD'S FAITHS. By Mary Pat Fisher and Robert Luyster. London: I.B. Tauris, 1990. 367pp. Hb. £19.95. ISBN 1–85043–299–6.

LE HAREM POLITIQUE: LE PROPHETE ET LES FEMMES (THE POLITICAL HAREM: THE PROPHET AMD WOMEN). By Fatima Mernissi. Paris: Albin Michel S.A., 1987. 294pp. Pb. FF98.00. ISBN 2–226–02941–9.

SULTANES OUBLIÉES: FEMMES CHEFS D'ÉTAT EN ISLAM (FORGOTTEN SULTANAS: WOMEN HEADS OF STATE IN ISLAM). By Fatima Mernissi. Paris: Albin Michel S.A., 1990.290pp. Pb. FF 120.00. ISBN 2–226–03954–6.

REGIONAL.

Africa.

L'ISLAM AU FÉMININ: SOKHNA MAGAT DIOP CHEIKH DE LA CONFREREIE MOURIDE (SENEGAL). (FEMININE ISLAM: SOKHNA MAGAT DIOP SHAIKH OF THE MOURIDE (SENEGAL). By Christian Coulon and Odile Reveyrand. Bordeaux: Institut d'Études Politiques, Université de Bordeaux, 1990. 41pp. FF35.00. ISBN 2–908065–02–9. ISSN 0298–8879.

Asia.

ISLAMISIERUNG IN PAKISTAN 1977–1984: UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR AUFLÖSUNG AUTOCHTONER STRUKTUREN (ISLAMIZATION IN PAKISTAN 1977–1984: INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING THE DISSOLUTION OF AUTOCHTONOUS STRUCTURES). By S. Jamal Malik. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1989. xvii, 475pp. DM90.00. ISBN 3–515–05389–1.

CHRISTIAN MISSION AND ISLAMIC DA'WAH IN MALAYSIA. By Ghazali Basri with a foreword by Abdul Rahman I. Doi. Kuala Lumpur: Nurin Enterprise, 1990. 72pp. Pb.,$5.00. ISBN 967–984–0190–0.

PAKISTAN: A POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY SINCE 1947. By Omar Noman. London: Kegan Paul Int., 1990. 238pp. Pb. £7.95. ISBN 0–7103–0389–0.

COMMUNITY AND CONSENSUS IN ISLAM: MUSLIM REPRESENTATION IN COLONIAL INDIA, 1860–1947. By Farzana Shaikh. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 255pp. Hb.£27.50; $44.50. ISBN 0–521–36328–4.

Europe.

ISLAM — EEN NIEUW GELOOF IN NEDERLAND (A NEW RELIGION IN THE NETHERLANDS). Edited by P. Reesink. Baarn: Ambo, 1991. 263 pp. ISBN 90–263–1022–7.

ONTMOETING VAN MOSLEMS EN CHRISTENEN — GRENSVERLENGGENDE VERKENNINGEN (ENCOUNTERS WITH MUSLIMS AND CHRISTIANS—EXPLORING THE EXTENSION OF BOUNDARIES). Edited by Jan van Lin. Hilversum: Gooi & Sticht, 1990. 128 pp. Pb. ISBN 90–304–0533–3.

DE MOSKEE IS OM DE HOEK — ONTMOETING MET ISLAMTTISCHE JONGEREN ( THE MOSQUE IS AROUND THE CORNER — ENCOUNTERS WITH MUSLIM YOUTH). By Trees Andree, Ariane van Ddk & Kartn de Jonge. s'‐Gravenhage: Boekencentrum B.V., 1990. 159 pp. ISBN 90–239–0036–7.

MOSLEMS IN NEDERLAND — MINDERHEDEN EN RELIGIE IN CULTURELE SAMENLEWING (MUSLIMS IN THE NETHERLANDS — MINORITIES AND RELIGION IN – CULTURAL SOCIETY). By W.A.R. Shadid & P.S. van Koningsveld. Alphen aan den Rijn: Samson Stafleu, 1990. 159 pp. ISBN 90–14–03476–7.

DISTORTED IMAGINATION: LESSONS FROM THE RUSHDIE AFFAIR. By Ziaddin Sardar and Merryl Wyn Davies. London: Grey Seal Books, 1990. 303pp. Hb., £14.95. ISBN 1–85640‐ 000‐X.

SCHOOLS OF FAITH: RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Edited by Commission for Racial Equality. London: Commission for Racial Equality, 1990.22pp. Pb. £2.00. ISBN 1–85442–037–2.

Middle East.

THE WRATH OF JONAH: THE CRISIS OF RELIGIOUS NATIONALISM IN THE ISRAELI‐PALESTINIAN CONFLICT. By Rosemary R. Ruether and Herman J. Ruether. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1989. xxi, 277pp. Pb. $19.95. ISBN 0–06–066837–7.

AL‐INTILIJINSIYYA AL‐^CARABIYYA: AL‐MUTHAQQAFDN WA AL‐SULTA (THE ARAB INTELLIGENSIA: INTELLECTUALS AND AUTHORITY). Edited by Sa^cd Al‐D in Ibrahim. ^cAmman: Montada al‐Fikr al‐^cArabi (Amman: Arab Thought Forum), 1988. 584pp. (Arabic).

AL‐BU^CD AL‐DINI FI AL‐SIYASA AL‐AMRIKIYYA TUJAH AL‐SIRA^C AL‐ARABI AL‐SAHYUNI: DIRASA FI AL‐HARAKA AL‐MASIHIYYA AL‐USULIYYA AL‐AMRIKIYYA (THE RELIGIOUS DIMENSION IN AMERICAN POLICY TOWARDS THE ARABZIONIST CONFLICT: A STUDY OF THE AMERICAN CHRISTIAN FUNDAMENTALIST MOVEMENT). By Yūsuf Al‐Hasan. Bayrūt: Markaz Dirasat al‐Wahda al‐^cArabiyya (Beirut: Centre for Arab Unity Studies), 1990. 222pp. (Arabic).

AL‐SAHWA AL‐ISLAMIYYA WA HUMUM AL‐WATAN AL‐^CARABI (THE ISLAMIC AWAKENING AND THE WORRIES AND CONCERNS OF THE ARAB COUNTRIES). Edited by Sa^cd Al‐Din Ibrahim. ^cAmman: Muntada al‐Fikr al‐^cArabi (Amman: Arab Thought Forum), 1988. 412pp (Arabic).

PITY THE POOR NATION: LEBANON AT WAR. By Robert Fisk. Oxford: OUP, 1991. 662pp. Pb. £6.99. ISBN 0–19–285235–3.

MUSADDIQ AND THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER IN IRAN. By Homa Katouzian. London: I.B. Tauris, 1990. 305pp. Hb. £24.95. ISBN 1–85043–210–4.

POLITICS OF PARTITION: KING ABDULLAH, THE ZIONISTS AND PALESTINE 1921–1951. By Avi Shlaim. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. 465pp. Pb. £7.95. ISBN 0–19–285223‐X.

BA'TH V BA'TH: THE CONFLICT BETWEEN SYRIA AND IRAQ 1968–1989. By Eberhard Kienle. London: I.B.Tauris, 1990. 238pp. Hb. £29.95. ISBN 1–85043–192–2.

MODERNITY AND TRADITION: THE SAUDI EQUATION. By Fouad Al‐Farsy. London: KPI Ltd, 1990. 337pp. Hb. £45.00. ISBN 0–7103–0395–5.

CHRISTIAN‐MUSLIM RELATIONS.

THE RISE OF HUMANISM IN CLASSICAL ISLAM AND THE CHRISTIAN WEST. By George Makdisi. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990. 431pp. Hb. £45.00. ISBN 0–85224–630–7.

POUR UN REGARD CHRÉTIEN SUR L'ISLAM. By Robert Caspar. Religions en Dialogue. Collection dirigée par Dennis Gira. Paris: Centurion, 1990. 206pp. PD.135FF. ISBN 2–227–36303–7.

COUPLES ISLAMO‐CHRÉTIENS: PROMESSE OU IMPASSE (MUSLIM‐CHRISTIAN COUPLES: HOPE OR IMPASSE). By Daisy Benturqui ET AL. Lausanne: Editions du SOC, 1990. 107pp. Pb., n.p.

THE CHALLENGE OF THE SCRIPTURES: THE BIBLE AND THE QURAN. Muslim‐Christian Research Group. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1989. 104pp. Pb., n.p. ISBN 0–88344–650–2.     

Neuropharmacological evidence to suggest that the nucleus accumbens and subpallidal region contribute to exploratory locomotion

Rats showed a substantial increase in locomotor activity when novel objects were introduced into an open-field apparatus. This exploratory locomotion was reduced significantly when glutamic acid diethyl ester HCl, a glutamate antagonist, was injected bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens or when gamma-aminobutyric acid was injected bilaterally into the subpallidal region. These observations provide preliminary support for a contribution of the nucleus accumbens and subpallidal region to exploratory locomotion.     

Necessity and God

International Journal for Philosophy of Religion -     

Book reviews

Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality?. John Esposito, 1992. New York, Oxford University Press. 243 pp., hb. $22.00, £15.95, ISBN 0–19–507184–0.

The Principles of Religion in the Qur'an and the Bible. Salim K. Haddad, 1992. Pittsburgh, Dorrance Publishing Co. Inc. 159 pp., pb. $11.95, £5.95, ISBN 0–8059–3275–5.

Islamic Spirituality: Manifestations. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 1991. London, S.C.M. Press Ltd. 548 pp., pb. £25.00, ISBN 0–334–02433–1.

Morals for the Heart: conversations of Shaykh Nizam ad‐Din Awliya recorded by Amir Hasan Sijzi. Nizam ad‐Din Awliya, Translated and annoted by B. B. Lawrence, 1992. New York, Mahwah, Paulist Press. 404 pp., pb. $18.95, ISBN 0–8091–3280‐X.

Mardzhany's Weltanschaugung and Arabo‐Islamic Philosophy. Audar N. Yuzeyeb, 1993. Kazan Russia, Tatknigoizdat. 156 pp., (In Russian) n.p.

The Theory of Contracts in Islamic Law. Susan E. Rayner, 1991. London, Graham & Trotman. 445 pp., hb. £62.50, $120.00, ISBN 1–85333–617–3.

Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate. Leila Ahmed, 1992. New Haven and London. 296 pp., pb. £9.95, ISBN 0–30–0 05583–8.

Victorian Images of Islam. Clinton Bennett, 1992. London, Grey Seal Books. xxi + 204 pp., hb. £25.00. ISBN 1–85640–028‐X.

The Distant Shrine: the Islamic centuries in Jerusalem. F. E. Peters, 1993. New York, AMS Press. 275 pp., hb. £34.95, ISBN 0–404–61629–1.

The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Salma Khadra Jayyusi, (Ed.), 1992. Leiden, E. J. Brill. 1098 pp., Gld450, $257.25, ISBN 90–04–09599–3, ISSN 0169–9433.

A Short History of Modern Arabic Literature. M. M. Badawi, 1993. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 314 pp., hb. £35.00, ISBN 0198265425.

The Socialist Movement in Turkey 1960–1980. Igor P. Lipovsky, 1992. Leiden, E. J. Brill. 193 pp. Gld85.00, $48.75, ISBN 90–04–09582–9.

Inside the Lebanese Confessional Mind. Hilal Khashan, 1992. Lanham MD, University Press of America,. 211 pp., hb. £35.00, ISBN 0–8191–8778‐X.

The Political History of Modern Iran: from tribalism to theocracy. Mehran Kamrava Westport, 1992. Connecticut & London, Praeger. 177 pp., £38.95, ISBN 027594445X.

The Islamization of the Law in Pakistan. Rubya Mehdi, 1994. Richmond, Curzon Press Ltd. 329 pp., pb. £19.99, ISBN 0–7007–0236–9.

Islam in Africa: Proceedings of the Islam in Africa Conference. Nura Alkah, et al. (Eds), 1993. Ibadan, Spectrum Books Ltd. 454 pp., pb. £18.50, S33.00, ISBN 9782461237.

The Heritage of Islam: women, religion and politics in West Africa. B. Callaway and L. Creevey, 1994. Boulder & London, Lynne Rienner Publishers. 219 pp., n.p., ISBN 1–55587–253–0.

Swahili Origins: Swahili culture and the Shungwaya phenomenon. H. De Vere Allen, 1993. London, J. Currey/Nairobi, E.A.E.P./Athens, Ohio University Press. 272 pp., pb. £12.95, ISBN 0–85255–075–8.

Islam in the Balkans: Religion and Society Between Europe and the Arab World. H. T. Norris, 1993. London, Hurst. 304 pp., £27.50, ISBN 1–85065–167–1.