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191.
Niels Habermann Andreas Hill Peer Briken Wolfgang Berner 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2008,2(4):241-248
Sexual homicides by juvenile offenders are statistically rare and until now only a few studies explored this phenomenon. Studies on forensic psychiatric court reports and follow-up data from federal criminal records were used to investigate the delinquency of a sample of 19 juvenile sexual homicide perpetrators from their childhood up to the mean age of 45 years of age. More than the half (58%) committed or attempted sexual assaults prior to the sexual homicide. Seven from 13 who were released from custody (54%) committed sexual or violent reoffences. In a long-time analysis as much favourable as unfavourable developments were found. The results suggest that most of the persons who commit sexual homicides as juveniles already committed sexual offences before and have a high risk of sexual and violent reoffending even a long time after the homicide. 相似文献
192.
In this article we assert that much of the public good associated with teaching and research in higher education is gradually being displaced. This privatization of higher education is reflected in increased licensing of research and in the fragmentation of the traditional general education core. Taxpayer de-funding and institutional substitution are economic consequences of public good displacement. 相似文献
193.
Niels G. Waller 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》2004,11(1):83-86
In his classic article on the fallacy of the null hypothesis in soft psychology [J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 46 (1978)], Paul Meehl claimed that, in nonexperimental settings, the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis of nil group differences in favor of a directional alternative was 0.50—a value that is an order of magnitude higher than the customary Type I error rate. In a series of real data simulations, using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Revised (MMPI-2) data collected from more than 80,000 individuals, I found strong support for Meehl’s claim. 相似文献
194.
Niels Gregersen 《Dialog》2002,41(4):264-272
Although Lutheran theology is a gift to the historic church, Martin Luther's own views are specifically formulated for their 16th century context. No universal or timeless theological system based upon Luther's authority should be appealed to. Then theses are here advanced that bridge the 16th and 21st centuries and challenge us to creative construction. 相似文献
195.
Advances in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have dramatically improved survival rates over the past
10 years, but HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain highly prevalent and continue to represent a significant
public health problem. This review provides an update on the nature, extent, and diagnosis of HAND. Particular emphasis is
placed on critically evaluating research within the realm of cognitive neuropsychology that aims to elucidate the component
processes of HAND across the domains of executive functions, motor skills, speeded information processing, episodic memory,
attention/working memory, language, and visuoperception. In addition to clarifying the cognitive mechanisms of HAND (e.g.,
impaired cognitive control), the cognitive neuropsychology approach may enhance the ecological validity of neuroAIDS research
and inform the development of much needed novel, targeted cognitive and behavioral therapies.
The research described was supported by MH73419 and MH62512 from the National Institutes of Health. The views expressed in
this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department
of Defense, nor the United States Government. 相似文献
196.
A recent debate in the language production literature concerns the influence of a word’s orthographic information on spoken
word production and the extent to which this influence is modulated by task context. In the present study, Mandarin Chinese
participants produced sets of words that shared orthography (O+P−), phonology (O−P+), or orthography and phonology (O+P+),
or were unrelated (O−P−), in the context of a reading, associative naming, or picture naming task. Shared phonology yielded
facilitation effects in all three tasks, but only in the reading task was this phonological effect modulated by shared orthography.
Shared orthography by itself (O+P−) revealed inhibitory effects in reading, but not in associative naming or in picture naming.
These results suggest that a word’s orthography information influences spoken word production only in tasks that rely heavily
on orthographic information. 相似文献
197.
Niels Henrik Gregersen 《Dialog》2009,48(1):79-96
Abstract : The international crisis following the publication of 12 Muhammad cartoons in the Danish newspaper Jyllands‐Posten (September 30, 2005) raises the general question of how to exercise the freedom of expression in relation to religious taboos. After briefly reviewing the Cartoon Crisis from September 2005 to the bombings on the Danish Ambassay in Pakistan in June 2008, the article addresses Lutheran resources for coping with secularisation and desecularisation, in particular as regards the taboos that persist as a part of religious and humanistic values. The thesis is that the Lutheran doctrine of the two kingdoms has given rise to two models of interpretation that have both been historically active. The doctrine of the two regiments has been interpreted both as a ‘liberalist’ argument for a principled separation of religion and politics, and as a ‘social‐conservative’ (later Social Democratic) argument for the view that the state should take care of its citizens' welfare through education, the legal system and social services. In today's global and multi‐religious world, this leads us to ask the question to what extent a welfare society, for the sake of peace and social order, should, or should not, protect religious sensitivities. Should religious communities always be kept out of public life, or can they be recognised as non‐governmental organizations in civil society, hence as potential partners for the state? 相似文献
198.
In a multiple regression analysis with three or more predictors, every set of alternate weights belongs to an infinite class
of “fungible weights” (Waller, Psychometrica, in press) that yields identical SSE (sum of squared errors) and R
2 values. When the R
2 using the alternate weights is a fixed value, fungible weights (a
i
) that yield the maximum or minimum cosine with an OLS weight vector (b) are called “fungible extrema.” We describe two methods for locating fungible extrema and we report R code (R Development Core Team, 2007) for one of the methods. We then describe a new approach for populating a class of fungible weights that is derived from
the geometry of alternate regression weights. Finally, we illustrate how fungible weights can be profitably used to gauge
parameter sensitivity in linear models by locating the fungible extrema of a regression model of executive compensation (Horton
& Guerard, Commun. Stat. Simul. Comput. 14:441–448, 1985). 相似文献
199.
Recent studies have demonstrated motivation gains of low performing group members even beyond the level of an individual work baseline (e.g., Weber and Hertel, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93:973–993, 2007). We expected that the underlying mechanisms of these motivation gains, i.e., social indispensability and social competition, are moderated by individuals’ gender. Moreover, these gender effects were assumed to be moderated by partner anonymity. Predictions were tested with mostly undergraduate German students (N?=?213) working in same-gender groups in a computer-supported environment. Results revealed that motivation gains due to social indispensability were more likely for women, whereas motivation gains due to social competition were more likely for men. Furthermore, women compared to men showed higher motivation gains in anonymous conditions compared to conditions with an acquainted partner. 相似文献
200.
Writings on Open Dialogue approaches to working with families experiencing mental distress emphasize the importance of the therapist repeating the family's words back to them verbatim. Repeats are theorized to display the therapist's listening and to encourage elaboration without imposing the therapist's own interpretations or conclusions on the family. These recommendations have not been subjected to rigorous interactional investigation. In this study, we used conversation analysis to analyze 160 examples of therapists repeating the prior talk of the family from 14 h of video-recorded Open Dialogue sessions. We found that these repeats had similar functions to those previously described in conversation analysis research such as initiating repair, marking receipt, and requesting elaboration as well as examples of therapist repeats occurring in overlap with the talk of the client. Open Dialogue writings thus present an oversimplified account of how repeats are utilized in clinical Open Dialogue sessions. Consistent with dialogical writings, repeats can elicit elaboration with limited input from the therapist, however repeats reflect selectivity and function to direct and guide the conversation to some extent. So, while therapist authority can be mitigated by repeating clients' words, when a therapist chooses to employ a repeat actively shapes the direction of the interaction. 相似文献