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851.
852.
Deborah J. Bowen M. Robyn Andersen Nicole Urban 《Journal of applied social psychology》2000,30(9):1829-1842
This paper has 2 purposes: (a) to present the differences in demographic and health characteristics of older women volunteers and nonvolunteers in a community‐based sample; (b) to identify the motivations of current and past volunteers, as contrasted with those who have never volunteered. A population‐based survey was conducted with a sample of 1,104 women aged 50 to 80 years in the state of Washington. Nonvolunteers were less likely to be married and were slightly less likely to be White than were current or past volunteers. Demographic variables (e. g., age) and health status predicted level of reported motivation for volunteering. These data provide us with population‐based estimates of volunteering and motivations for older women. 相似文献
853.
David E. Kuhn Samantha L. Hardesty Nicole M. Sweeney 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(2):355-360
Repetitive behaviors such as excessive straightening are commonly observed among individuals with autism. Attempts to prevent these behaviors may increase the likelihood of other problem behaviors. The present study was designed to assess and treat the excessive straightening and associated destructive behaviors of a 16‐year‐old boy who had been diagnosed with autism and moderate mental retardation. Following a series of functional analyses, an intervention that incorporated functional communication, extinction of destructive behavior, and blocking of repetitive straightening was demonstrated to be effective in reducing straightening and destructive behavior. 相似文献
854.
855.
Nicole K. Speer Jeremy R. Reynolds Khena M. Swallow Jeffrey M. Zacks 《Psychological science》2009,20(8):989-999
ABSTRACT— To understand and remember stories, readers integrate their knowledge of the world with information in the text. Here we present functional neuroimaging evidence that neural systems track changes in the situation described by a story. Different brain regions track different aspects of a story, such as a character's physical location or current goals. Some of these regions mirror those involved when people perform, imagine, or observe similar real-world activities. These results support the view that readers understand a story by simulating the events in the story world and updating their simulation when features of that world change. 相似文献
856.
ABSTRACT— Most of the research on intergroup anxiety has examined the impact of people's own anxiety on their own outcomes. In contrast, we show that in intergroup interactions, one's partner's anxiety is just as important as one's own anxiety (if not more important). Using a diary study among college roommates, we show that partners' anxiety predicts respondents' anxiety across time on a daily basis, as well as respondents' interest in living together again the next year. We discuss the importance of taking a relational approach to understanding intergroup interactions. 相似文献
857.
Johannes Rank Nicole E. Nelson Tammy D. Allen Xian Xu 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2009,82(3):465-489
This study examined self‐related subordinate variables as moderators of relationships between supervisors' leadership behaviours (transformational as well as active‐corrective transactional leadership) and subordinates' innovative behaviour and task performance. Based on behavioural plasticity and self‐monitoring theory, we hypothesized that these associations would be moderated by subordinates' organization‐based self‐esteem and by their propensity to modify self‐presentation, a major facet of the self‐monitoring construct. Field survey data (N=161) collected in research and development, marketing and human resources departments of several German companies revealed that transformational leadership positively predicted both criteria, whereas active‐corrective transactional leadership negatively predicted innovation. As hypothesized, transformational leadership related more strongly and positively to innovation for subordinates low in organization‐based self‐esteem. When subordinates were low in self‐presentation propensity, active‐corrective transactional leadership was negatively, and transformational leadership was positively associated with task performance. 相似文献
858.
Nicole Tausch Miles Hewstone Ravneeta Roy 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2009,19(2):83-94
In the context of Hindu–Muslim relations in India, the present study (N = 87) utilized Integrated Threat Theory (Stephan & Stephan, 2000 ) to examine the mediating roles of intergroup anxiety, realistic and symbolic threats and the moderating role of group membership (Hindu vs. Muslim) in the relationships between cross‐community contact, relative in‐group status and prejudice. Overall, intergroup anxiety and realistic, but not symbolic, threat emerged as proximal predictors of prejudice and partial mediators between the predictor and criterion variables. But these findings were qualified by majority (Hindu) versus minority (Muslim) group membership. As predicted, while symbolic threat was a predictor of prejudice for Hindus, realistic threat was a paramount predictor for Muslims. In‐group status was as a significant predictor for low‐status minority group only. The results are discussed with reference to their potential implications for future research and interventions aimed at improving intergroup relations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
859.
Joel Erion Cindy Davenport Nicole Rodax Bethany Scholl Jennifer Hardy 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2009,18(4):319-330
Cover, copy, compare (CCC) has been used with success to improve spelling skills. This study adds to existing research by
completing an analysis of the rewriting component of the intervention. The impact of varying the number of times a subject
copied a word following an error was examined with four elementary age students. An adaptive alternating treatments design
with counterbalancing was used to compare the effects of two versions of CCC and baseline during acquisition and retention
2 weeks later. During acquisition, performance in both versions of CCC was greater than that during baseline sessions. There
was not an appreciable difference between versions of CCC. Retention of performance was similar for CCC1 and CCC3. Results
are discussed in terms of the core components of CCC and directions for future research. 相似文献
860.
Delphine Callu Nicole El Massioui Gérard Dutrieux Bruce L. Brown Valérie Doyere 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2009,91(3):250-259
The role of interpositus nuclei (IN) in timing in the sub-second range is well supported in eyeblink conditioning studies. Timing impairments shown in the seconds range in patients with intermediate cerebellar lesion, and known intermediate cerebellar cortex projection to IN raise the question of a possible involvement of IN in timing in the supra-second range as well. To address this question, we tested rats (Sprague-Dawley) given bilateral lesions of IN with Colchicine in a 2- vs. 8-s temporal discrimination task, followed by three daily sessions of a temporal bisection tests with five added intermediate non-reinforced durations. IN lesioned rats showed normal acquisition of the temporal discrimination, but a transient impairment of temporal sensitivity during the bisection tests. In addition, their response latencies suggested a different behavioral strategy from that of control animals. Our results indicate that the IN of the cerebellum may not be critically involved in temporal processing in the 2–8 s range, but may play a role in the cognitive processes that access temporal information in the mediation of choice behavior. 相似文献