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231.
I Will Put My Law in Their Minds: Social Control and Cheating Behavior Among Catholics and Protestants
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![点击此处可从《Journal for the scientific study of religion》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Alain Quiamzade Nicolas Sommet Javiera Burgos Laborde Jean‐Paul L'Huillier Luigi Guiso 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2017,56(2):365-382
Catholics and Protestants differ in terms of social autonomy versus heteronomy. We propose that the regulation of behavior in accordance with social norms depends on the social control exercised by an authority for Catholics more than it does for Protestants. Two experiments measured cheating behavior (the transgression of a social norm) as a function of the religious group (Protestant vs. Catholic) and social control (with vs. without). Catholics were found to be more responsive to social control, that is, to cheat less when social control was salient, whereas Protestants' behavior did not depend on this dimension. In Study 2, intrinsic‐extrinsic religiousness was found to mediate this difference. Results are discussed in the context of the effects of public policies based on social control. 相似文献
232.
Secondary distinctiveness effects: Orthographic distinctiveness and bizarreness effects make independent contributions to memory performance
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![点击此处可从《Scandinavian journal of psychology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The secondary distinctiveness effect means that items that are unusual compared to one's general knowledge stored in permanent memory are remembered better than common items. This research studied two forms of secondary‐distinctiveness‐based effects in conjunction: the bizarreness effect and the orthographic distinctiveness (OD) effect. More specifically, an experiment investigated in young adults a possible additive effect of bizarreness and OD effects in free recall performance. Results revealed that in young adults these two secondary‐distinctiveness‐based effects appear to be largely independent and can complement each other to enhance performance. Findings are discussed in light of current distinctiveness theory. 相似文献
233.
Lubomir Lamy Jacques Fischer-Lokou Nicolas Guéguen 《Basic and applied social psychology》2017,39(5):287-291
This study provides an empirical demonstration that people’s reaction to youth drinking are influenced by the alleged motive for drinking and that regulations can easily be violated as soon as the perceived motive for underage liquor drinking is a positive emotion. The study solicited 432 passersby (50% men) to buy hard liquor for a female confederate allegedly younger than the minimum legal drinking age in France. Results showed that participants complied more frequently with the request when the motive for drinking was related with positive emotion. 相似文献
234.
Nicolas Brunet 《Médecine & Droit》2017,2017(142):11-14
The Conseil d’État, relatively to the ruling dated the 16th of June 2016, keeps defining the legal regime of the harm of unpreparedness which consists in a violation of the health professionals’ duty to inform their patients, based on article L. 1111-2 of Code de la santé publique. Moreover, it can be highlighted a shared understanding between the judicial and administrative jurisprudences. Yet, the Conseil d’État is likely withholding the patients’ right to information that the Cour de cassation may have headed toward. 相似文献
235.
Influence of contextual information and past prices on the willingness to pay and expected quality evaluations
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![点击此处可从《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Mauricio A. Valle Jaime F. Lavin Nicolas S. Magner Cristian E. Geldes 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2017,16(2):130-144
This study conducted two experiments to assess consumers' willingness to pay or the expected quality in response to different levels of contradictory contextual information (regarding price and quality) and the presence of anchors in the form of past price paid. First, the results show that the contextual information was decisive in the formation of reference prices that affect the willingness to pay. Second, the anchors did not influence the evaluation of the willingness to pay and the expected quality. And third, it was observed that the coherence of the contextual information (price–quality correlation) performs a moderating role in the relation between reference prices and expected quality. These results suggest that anchors are less important than contextual information in the evaluation process of the willingness to pay and the expected quality, and that therefore neither an adjustment nor a priming mechanism is activated. We found that the coherence of the contextual information influences how individuals evaluate a service. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
236.
237.
Nicolas A. McNair Patrick T. Goodbourn Lauren T. Shone Irina M. Harris 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2017,79(1):100-116
We used the attentional blink (AB) paradigm to investigate the processing stage at which extraction of summary statistics from visual stimuli (“ensemble coding”) occurs. Experiment 1 examined whether ensemble coding requires attentional engagement with the items in the ensemble. Participants performed two sequential tasks on each trial: gender discrimination of a single face (T1) and estimating the average emotional expression of an ensemble of four faces (or of a single face, as a control condition) as T2. Ensemble coding was affected by the AB when the tasks were separated by a short temporal lag. In Experiment 2, the order of the tasks was reversed to test whether ensemble coding requires more working-memory resources, and therefore induces a larger AB, than estimating the expression of a single face. Each condition produced a similar magnitude AB in the subsequent gender-discrimination T2 task. Experiment 3 additionally investigated whether the previous results were due to participants adopting a subsampling strategy during the ensemble-coding task. Contrary to this explanation, we found different patterns of performance in the ensemble-coding condition and a condition in which participants were instructed to focus on only a single face within an ensemble. Taken together, these findings suggest that ensemble coding emerges automatically as a result of the deployment of attentional resources across the ensemble of stimuli, prior to information being consolidated in working memory. 相似文献
238.
Wiebe SA Sheffield T Nelson JM Clark CA Chevalier N Espy KA 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2011,108(3):436-452
Although the structure of executive function (EF) during adulthood is characterized by both unity and diversity, recent evidence suggests that preschool EF may be best described by a single factor. The latent structure of EF was examined in 228 3-year-olds using confirmatory factor analysis. Children completed a battery of executive tasks that differed in format and response requirements and in putative working memory and inhibitory control demands. Tasks appeared to be age appropriate, with adequate sensitivity across the range of performance and without floor or ceiling effects. Tests of the relative fit of several alternative models supported a single latent EF construct. Measurement invariance testing revealed less proficient EF in children at higher sociodemographic risk relative to those at lower risk and no differences between boys and girls. At 3 years of age, when EF skills are emerging, EF appears to be a unitary, more domain-general process. 相似文献
239.
Guilhot N 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2011,47(3):279-301
International relations theory took shape in the 1950s in reaction to the behavioral social science movement, emphasizing the limits of rationality in a context of high uncertainty, weak rules, and the possibility of lethal conflict. Yet the same discipline rapidly developed "rational choice" models applied to foreign policy decision making or nuclear strategy. This paper argues that this transformation took place almost seamlessly around the concept of "decision." Initially associated with an antirationalist or "decisionist" approach to politics, the sovereign decision became the epitome of political rationality when it was redescribed as "rational choice," thus easing the cultural acceptance of political realism in the postwar years. 相似文献
240.
Classically, false memories are studied using the DRM paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995), involving use of words lists. The words of each list are linked to a critical word not presented. Participants create a false memory in recognising and/or recalling this critical word. In most cases older adults have more false memories than younger adults in this paradigm. To use less strategy-dependent material, we compared predictive inferences activated during text reading in young and healthy older participants. For example, in the sentence "The fragile porcelain vase was thrown against the wall" the predictive inference was that the vase is broken. After reading or hearing the texts, the participants had false memories in recalling and/or recognising the predictive inferences. Older adults had more false recognitions than younger adults when they read or heard the text. However, the difference did not reach significance with the cued recalled task. It is concluded that, in more ecological situations such as text reading, abilities in older adults can be preserved. 相似文献