The Lausanne Trilogue Play paradigm: Breaking Discoveries in Family Process and Therapy

This article provides a brief history of key developments in the growth of the Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP) paradigm that paved a foundation for new scholarship featured in the papers that follow. We outline core, foundational elements of the LTP work, highlighting the close interplay between clinical and research applications, the systems orientation in both regards, the dual attention to both top down (metamodel) and bottom up (microanalysis, in particular) frames, and the relevance of transitions from dyad to triad. Next, later developments in methodological refinement and expansion within the LTP’s country-of-origin are described, with closing commentary provided on the path-breaking contributions of several investigations that employed the LTP in five different countries, each illuminating previously under-studied family phenomena. The historical considerations spotlighted in this article, and the lessons learned from new empirical investigations the early work has inspired, are important to consider in tandem as the field begins expanding beyond the LTP’s original foundations and makes increasing use of the paradigm as a research instrument beyond clinical settings.     

Applying the SIDE model to brainwriting: The impact of intergroup comparison and anonymity on creative performance

According to the Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects, intergroup comparison under anonymity accentuates social identity salience, potentially increasing motivation to work for one's group. The present experiment aimed to examine whether intergroup comparison and anonymity could boost creative performance in a brainwriting task. Sixty participants, randomly assigned to groups, wrote their ideas on sticky notes of the same (anonymity) or different color (individuation). To reinforce social identity salience, half the groups were told that their performance would be compared with other groups. As predicted, anonymity and intergroup comparison boosted both the number of nonredundant ideas produced by group members (fluency), and diversity of ideas pertaining to different categories (flexibility). By contrast, when social identity was not salient, anonymity led to an increase in the originality of ideas.     

Universal Principles of Human Communication: Preliminary Evidence From a Cross‐cultural Communication Game

The present study points to several potentially universal principles of human communication. Pairs of participants, sampled from culturally and linguistically distinct societies (Western and Japanese, N = 108: 16 Western–Western, 15 Japanese–Japanese and 23 Western–Japanese dyads), played a dyadic communication game in which they tried to communicate a range of experimenter‐specified items to a partner by drawing, but without speaking or using letters or numbers. This paradigm forced participants to create a novel communication system. A range of similar communication behaviors were observed among the within‐culture groups (Western–Western and Japanese–Japanese) and the across‐culture group (Western–Japanese): They (a) used iconic signs to bootstrap successful communication, (b) addressed breakdowns in communication using other‐initiated repairs, (c) simplified their communication behavior over repeated social interactions, and (d) aligned their communication behavior over repeated social interactions. While the across‐culture Western–Japanese dyads found the task more challenging, and cultural differences in communication behavior were observed, the same basic findings applied across all groups. Our findings, which rely on two distinct cultural and linguistic groups, offer preliminary evidence for several universal principles of human communication.     

Grit Across Nations: The Cross-National Equivalence of the Grit-O Scale

Journal of Happiness Studies - Despite its popularity in practice, the Grit-O Scale has shown inconsistent factorial structures and differing levels of internal consistency in samples outside the...     

Motion prediction and the velocity effect in children

In coincidence‐timing studies, children have been shown to respond too early to slower stimuli and too late to faster stimuli. To examine this velocity effect, children aged 6, 7.5, 9, 10.5, and adults were tested with two different velocities in a prediction‐motion task which consisted of judging, after the occlusion of the final part of its path, the moment of arrival of a moving stimulus towards a specified position. A similar velocity effect, resulting in later responses for the faster velocities than for the slower, was found primarily in the three younger groups of children (for the longer occlusion conditions: 600–1,320 milliseconds). However, this effect was not seen in all children in these groups. Individual analyses showed that this velocity effect, when present, is linked to the use of distance rather than time information, or to the confusion between these in extrapolating the occluded trajectories. The tendency to use one type of information or the other is a good predictor of accuracy and variability in this task and a good indicator of the development stage of the participants. Across development, children tend to initially use distance information with poor accuracy but relative consistency in responses. In a second stage, they use time and distance information alternatively across trials trying to find a better source of information with still poor accuracy and now great variability. In a final stage, they use time information to reach consistency and accuracy in their responses. This chronology follows the stages proposed by Savelesbergh and Van der Kamp (2000) explaining development with an initial stage of ‘freezing’ non‐optimal relationships between information and movement, then a ‘freeing’ stage during which new solutions are searched for, and finally an ‘exploiting’ stage with an optimal relationship between information and movement.     

Ein Kontrollzwang und seine Therapie

Das folgende nachempfundene Erlebnisprotokoll zeigt einen kurzen Ausschnitt aus dem Leidensweg einer Patientin mit Kontrollzw?ngen. Es handelt sich dabei um eine schwere St?rung, welche die Lebensqualit?t der Betroffenen stark beeintr?chtigen kann. In einem solchen Fall ist eine Psychotherapie unerl?sslich. Die Methode der Wahl ist dabei die Verhaltenstherapie.