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121.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how attentional focus on body sway affects postural control during quiet standing.
To address this issue, sixteen young healthy adults were asked to stand upright as immobile as possible on a force platform
in both Control and Attention conditions. In the latter condition, participants were instructed to deliberately focus their attention on their body sways
and to increase their active intervention into postural control. The critical analysis was focused on elementary motions computed
from the centre of pressure (CoP) trajectories: (1) the vertical projection of the centre of gravity (CoGv) and (2) the difference between CoP and CoGv (CoP–CoGv). The former is recognised as an index of performance in this postural task, whilst the latter constitutes a fair expression
of the ankle joint stiffness and is linked to the level of neuromuscular activity of the lower limb muscles required for controlling
posture. A frequency-domain analysis showed increased amplitudes and frequencies of CoP–CoGv motions in the Attention relative to the Control condition, whereas non-significant changes were observed for the CoGv motions. Altogether, the present findings suggest that attentional focus on body sway, induced by the instructions, promoted
the use of less automatic control process and hampered the efficiency for controlling posture during quiet standing. 相似文献
122.
Recent models of the conceptual system hold that concepts are grounded in simulations of actual experiences with instances of those concepts in sensory-motor systems (e.g., Barsalou, 1999, 2003; Solomon & Barsalou, 2001). Studies supportive of such a viewhave shown that verifying a property of a concept in one modality, and then switching to verify a property of a different concept in a different modality generates temporal processing costs similar to the cost of switching modalities in perception. In addition to non-emotional concepts, the present experiment investigated switching costs in verifying properties of positive and negative (emotional) concepts. Properties of emotional concepts were taken from vision, audition, and the affective system. Parallel to switching costs in neutral concepts, the study showed that for positive and negative concepts, verifying properties from different modalities produced processing costs such that reaction times were longer and error rates were higher. Importantly, this effect was observed when switching from the affective system to sensory modalities, and vice-versa. These results support the embodied cognition view of emotion in humans. 相似文献
123.
Camille Amoura Sophie Berjot Nicolas Gillet Emin Altintas 《Motivation and emotion》2014,38(3):323-335
The purpose of the present research was to test the relevance of a theoretical framework based on the matches and the mismatches between desire for control and perception of control (Evans et al. in Br J Psychol 84(2):255–273, 1993), in order to predict autonomous motivation (Deci and Ryan in Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum, New York, 1985, 2012), depression, and anxiety (Bradley in Handbook of psychology and diabetes: A guide to psychological measurement in diabetes research and practice. Harwood Academic Press, Chur, 1994; Bruchon-Schweitzer in Psychologie de la Santé: Modèles, concepts et méthodes. Dunod, Paris, 2002). Two prospective studies were run among undergraduate students. Results of Study 1 confirmed the relevance of Evans et al.’s (in Br J Psychol 84(2):255–273, 1993) theoretical framework. More specifically, four clusters reflecting different levels of desire for control and perception of control were found. Moreover, results revealed that profiles characterized by high scores on both desire for control and perception of control were more autonomously motivated than those characterized by the three other possible combinations. Results of Study 2 replicated those of Study 1 and showed that participants combining a low desire for control and a high perception of control were the less depressed, followed by participants with high scores on both measures. No significant effects were found for anxiety. 相似文献
124.
Lauren E. Smith Darren R. Bernal Billie S. Schwartz Courtney L. Whitt Seth T. Christman Stephanie Donnelly Anna Wheatley Casta Guillaume Guerda Nicolas Jonathan Kish Erin Kobetz 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2014,42(1):2-12
This study documents the vicarious psychological impact of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti on Haitians living in the United States. The role of coping resources—family, religious, and community support—was explored. The results highlight the importance of family and community as coping strategies to manage such trauma. Este estudio documenta el impacto psicológico vicario que tuvo el terremoto de 2010 en Haití sobre los residentes haitianos que viven en Estados Unidos. Se explora el papel de los recursos de afrontamiento—apoyo familiar, religioso y comunitario. Lo resultados destacan la importancia de la familia y la comunidad como estrategias de afrontamiento para superar un trauma de esas características. 相似文献
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126.
Nicolas Gauvrit Kinga Morsanyi 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(4):119-130
The equiprobability bias (EB) is a tendency to believe that every process in
which randomness is involved corresponds to a fair distribution, with equal
probabilities for any possible outcome. The EB is known to affect both children
and adults, and to increase with probability education. Because it results in
probability errors resistant to pedagogical interventions, it has been described
as a deep misconception about randomness: the erroneous belief that randomness
implies uniformity. In the present paper, we show that the EB is actually not
the result of a conceptual error about the definition of randomness. On the
contrary, the mathematical theory of randomness does imply uniformity. However,
the EB is still a bias, because people tend to assume uniformity even in the
case of events that are not random. The pervasiveness of the EB reveals a
paradox: The combination of random processes is not necessarily random. The link
between the EB and this paradox is discussed, and suggestions are made regarding
educational design to overcome difficulties encountered by students as a
consequence of the EB. 相似文献
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129.
Sentences that exhibit sensitivity to order (e.g. John and Mary arrived at school in that order and Mary and John arrived at school in that order) present a challenge for the standard formulation of plural logic. In response, some authors have advocated new versions of plural logic based on fine-grained notions of plural reference, such as serial reference [Hewitt 2012] and articulated reference [Ben-Yami 2013]. The aim of this article is to show that sensitivity to order should be accounted for without altering the standard formulation of plural logic. In particular, sensitivity to order does not call for a fine-grained notion of plural reference. We point out that the phenomenon in question is quite broad and that current proposals are not equipped to deal with the full range of cases in which order plays a role. Then we develop an alternative and unified account, which locates the phenomenon not in the way in which plural terms can refer, but in the meaning of special expressions such as in that order and respectively. 相似文献
130.
PSYCHOLOGY IN FRENCH ACADEMIC PUBLISHING IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY: ALFRED BINET,EDITORIAL DIRECTOR AT THE SCHLEICHER PUBLISHING HOUSE 下载免费PDF全文
Serge Nicolas 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2015,51(3):285-307
To date, historians of psychology have largely ignored the role of academic publishing and the editorial policies of the late nineteenth century. This paper analyzes the role played by academic publishing in the history of psychology in the specific case of France, a country that provides a very interesting and unique model. Up until the middle of the 1890s, there was no collection specifically dedicated to psychology. Alfred Binet was the first to found, in 1897, a collection of works specifically dedicated to scientific psychology. He chose to work with Reinwald‐Schleicher. However, Binet was soon confronted with (1) competition from other French publishing houses, and (2) Schleicher's management and editorial problems that were to sound the death knell for Binet's emerging editorial ambitions. The intention of this paper is to encourage the efforts of the pioneers of modern psychology to have their work published and disseminated. 相似文献