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We argue and demonstrate that setting high standards, an essential aspect of perfectionism, is not associated with maladaptive responses in and of itself. Rather, our findings suggest that people's responses to their perceptions that they consistently fail to meet their own standards are maladaptive. More importantly, in the present survey study (n = 293), we extend previous research by showing that low personal standards and the perception that others are imposing high standards on the self operate in concert to strengthen the link between perceived discrepancy and psychological distress. Furthermore, in support of our moderation‐mediation model, regression analyses provided evidence for the mediating role of generalised self‐efficacy beliefs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Van Yperen NW 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2007,20(4):409-419
This research expands on previous research by arguing and demonstrating that high perceived competence buffers the detrimental effects of an evaluative situation. In Study 1 (n=75, 38.7% male), the situation (evaluative vs. non-evaluative) and perceived competence (high vs. low) were manipulated, whereas in Study 2 (n=42, 33.3% male), perceived competence relied on naturally occurring differences in perceived competence. The results of Study 1 indicate that people may underachieve in an evaluative situation. More importantly, in Study 2 it was demonstrated that such an evaluative situation had only a negative effect on test performance among individuals low in perceived competence. The occurrence of task-irrelevant interfering thoughts during task completion accounted for this inimical effect of an evaluative situation on test performance among these individuals. 相似文献
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Clinical signs of damage to the egocentric reference system range from the inability to detect stimuli in the real environment to a defect in recovering items from an internal representation. Despite clinical dissociations, current interpretations consider all symptoms as due to a single perturbation, differentially expressed according to the medium explored (perceptual or representational). We propose an alternative account based on the functional distinction between two separate egocentric mechanisms: one allowing construction of the immediate point of view, the other extracting a required perspective within a mental representation. Support to this claim comes from recent results in the domain of navigation, showing that separate cognitive mechanisms maintain the egocentric reference when actively exploring the visual space as opposed to moving according to an internal map. These mechanisms likely follow separate developmental pathways, seemingly depend on distinct neural pathways and are used independently by healthy adults, reflecting task demands and individual cognitive style. Implications for spatial cognition and social skills are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Nico W. Vanyperen 《Journal of applied social psychology》1992,22(15):1186-1198
This study was conducted to examine psychological mechanisms underlying self enhancing comparisons among 88 male major league professional soccer players. In line with other research, the results suggest that positive beliefs about oneself are more difficult to maintain with regard to unambiguous comparison dimensions. More interestingly, similar results were found by contrasting comparisons with a specific other to those with a vague other, a more ambiguous comparison target. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the more value subjects attach to a dimension of comparison, the more they consider themselves superior on that dimension. The practical implications of these results for competitive sport are discussed. 相似文献
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Wayne Messner Dennis Bray Guy C. Germain Nico Stehr 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1992,5(4):82-100
This article is a critical, sociological examination of policy advice aimed at reducing or limiting CO2 emissions. The policy proposals are taken from various sources directed to governmental or economic institutions and targeted
to cope with the natural and social consequences of global warming. We ask, based on a sociological understanding of features
constitutive of practical social science knowledge, how feasible and practical are various policy proposals. Our assessment,
in turn, is based on a theoretical model of the characteristics ofpractical scientific knowledge, which is discussed in conjunction with the current field of climate change knowledge.
He is currently the editor of theCanadian Journal of Sociology.
This article is a revised version of a paper presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology
Association, Learned Societies Conference, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, June 1992. 相似文献
17.
MINDS (Mental Information Processing and Neuropsychological Diagnostic System) was developed with the goal of integrating a number of independent and stand-alone test programs that are used in the diagnosis of psychological and neuropsychological health. The system runs under MS-DOS. The shell program integrates subject information with data obtained through the use of the individual test programs. The current test battery comprises tasks on memory, attention, and motor performance; these tasks require the use of additional peripheral response devices, which are controlled via a multiple I/O interface card. Questionnaires are also included; they have been developed with the author language shell program MicroCAT. MINDS is programmed to allow easy integration of new tests. As an example, the Motor Planning Test is described. The equivalence of the computerized questionnaires with existing tests is also discussed. 相似文献
18.
C. E. Snow A. Arlman-Rupp Y. Hassing J. Jobse J. Joosten J. Vorster 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1976,5(1):1-20
Functional and linguistic aspects of the speech of Dutch-speaking mothers from three social classes to their 2-year-old children were studied. Mothers' speech in Dutch showed the same characteristics of simplicity and redundancy found in other languages. In a free play situation, both academic and lower middle class mothers produced more expansions and used fewer imperatives, more substantive deixis, and fewer modal verbs than working-class mothers. These differences were not present while mothers were reading books with their children. In general, the mothers' speech was more complex in the book reading situation than during free play. 相似文献
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