Associating Values Clarification,Expression of Beliefs And Dysfunction Among Church Lay Leaders

Abstract

Leaders face both intrinsic and extrinsic challenges to their effectiveness. Specific dysfunctions rank high among the intrinsic challenges. In this regard, a relevant literature review suggested that the discovery and articulation of values and beliefs may ameliorate at least some of these dysfunctions. To test this possibility, data were obtained from 84 lay leaders in two church congregations in Tennessee using the following instruments: The Dark Side Leadership Profile (DSLP) measured five self-reported dysfunctions, codependence, compulsion, paranoia, narcissism, and passive-aggressive tendencies, and Modeling-the-Way Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI-Self) measured self-reported discovery and authentic expression of values and beliefs. The significant inverse relationship observed between Modeling-the-Way LPI-Self scores and DSLP indicated general agreement with predictions and previous research. These results suggest that the more lay leaders can discover and authentically express their values and beliefs, the lower their level of dysfunction and the more effective their leadership may be perceived to be.     

The Impact of Participating in Suicide Research Online

The impact of participation in online mixed‐methods suicide research was investigated. Participants, who described feeling suicidal, completed an 18‐item questionnaire before and after taking part (n = 103), and answered open‐ended questions about participation (n = 97). Overall, participation reduced negative experiences and had no effect on positive experiences. Feelings of calm increased, but participants felt less supported. Some participants did experience distress, but some also reported this distress to be manageable. Anonymously sharing experiences of suicidality was viewed as important, had therapeutic benefits, and engendered hopes for recovery. The findings suggest a need to ensure vulnerable participants in online studies are well supported while protecting their anonymity.     

Sex differences in human olfaction: Between evidence and enigma

The sex of individuals plays an important part in determining their olfactory abilities, with females generally being superior to males. The present review examines the way in which sex differences influence sensitivity, identification, familiarity, and recognition of odours. It also examines whether sex differences are more pronounced with some odours than others, and how sex differences are affected by the manner of testing. Two different explanations for the superiority of females over males in olfaction are evaluated.