Rationale and directions for an increased emphasis on the therapeutic relationship in family therapy

This paper argues the need for an increased emphasis on the therapeutic relationship in family therapy. The ways in which the field of family therapy has eschewed the importance of the therapeutic relationship are discussed. Therapeutic alliance research from the field of individual psychotherapy and research on the importance of relationship factors to family therapy are reviewed. Suggestions for family therapy theory, practice, and research are presented.An earlier version of this article was presented at the 1992 Western Canadian Conference on Family Practice.     

Memory for stereotype-related material–a replication study with real-life social groups

This paper reports a study comparing the memorability of information that either confirmed, disconfirmed, or was irrelevant to, particular real-life social group stereotypes. Memory for both stereotype-confirming and stereotype-disconfirming material was enhanced relative to that for material which was stereotype-irrelevant. Further, there were no differences between the memory for stereotype-confirming and -disconfirming information. Implications for stereotype stability and change are noted.     

Group therapy in Leningrad

The author traces the development of group therapy in the Soviet Union based on a review of the literature and his experiences in Leningrad as a Faculty Exchange Scholar. Although early approaches used hypnotherapy and educational techniques, the Bolshevik revolution introduced the concept of the collective, which subsequently influenced group therapy. Recently, personality-focused models and approaches similar to those in the West have been advocated, especially at the Bekhterev Institute in Leningrad. The author describes his experiences supervising two Soviet clinicians who coled a therapy group for inpatient schizophrenics using techniques he developed in the United States.     

Group climate in a stress discussion group for medical interns

In order to better characterize group process, the short form of the Group Climate Questionnaire (GCQS) was used to study a stress discussion group for medical interns. This group was found to be significantly different from a normative psychotherapy group sample along three major dimensions: Engaged, Avoiding and Conflict. The group members were cohesive, involved and open, yet respectful of each other's privacy. These results are discussed with respect to the group's goals and leadership.The authors thank George Fein, Ph.D., for statistical assistance.     

Hearing objects and events

Through hearing we learn about source events: events in which objects move or interact so that they vibrate and produce sound waves, such as when they roll, collide, or scrape together. It is often claimed that we do not simply hear sounds and infer what event caused them, but hear source events themselves, through hearing sounds. Here I investigate how the idea that we hear source events should be understood, with a focus on how hearing an event relates to hearing the objects involved in that event. I argue that whereas we see events such as rollings and collisions by seeing objects move through space, this cannot be how we hear them, and go on to examine two other possible models. On the first, we hear events but not their participant objects. On the second, to hear an event is to hear the appearance of an object to change. I argue that neither is satisfactory and endorse a third option: to hear a source event is to hear an object as extending through time.     

A Genome‐Wide Scan for Eysenckian Personality Dimensions in Adolescent Twin Sibships: Psychoticism,Extraversion, Neuroticism,and Lie

ABSTRACT We report the first genome‐wide scan of adolescent personality. We conducted a genome‐wide scan to detect linkage for measures of adolescent Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Lie from the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Data are based on 1,280 genotyped Australian adolescent twins and their siblings. The highest linkage peaks were found on chromosomes 16 and 19 for Neuroticism, on chromosomes 1, 7, 10, 13 m, and 18 for Psychoticism, and on chromosomes 2 and 3 for Extraversion.     

Frame Based Formulas for Intermediate Logics

In this paper we define the notion of frame based formulas. We show that the well-known examples of formulas arising from a finite frame, such as the Jankov-de Jongh formulas, subframe formulas and cofinal subframe formulas, are all particular cases of the frame based formulas. We give a criterion for an intermediate logic to be axiomatizable by frame based formulas and use this criterion to obtain a simple proof that every locally tabular intermediate logic is axiomatizable by Jankov-de Jongh formulas. We also show that not every intermediate logic is axiomatizable by frame based formulas. Presented by Johan van Benthem     

Identity,practice and dialogue

Identities are constructed and contested. This means they may be re‐worked to support more inclusive visions of who belongs and on what basis. However, identity construction does not take place in a vacuum, and social psychological analyses of change need to address the contextual dynamics that shape the processes and outcomes of dialogue. This requires attention to processes of power. Furthermore, we need to consider minority group members' understandings of these processes. From the perspective of the disadvantaged, dialogue may be experienced as disempowering because it is viewed as compromising group members' capacities to organize themselves to pursue strategies of social change. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Immigration from the perspective of hosts and immigrants: Roles of psychological essentialism and social identity

Implicit person theory research can be conceptualized within the framework of psychological essentialism. Essentialist beliefs are associated with entity theories and both predict phenomena such as stereotyping. The present research extended previous work on the links between implicit theories and social identity processes, examining how essentialist beliefs are associated with social identification and processes related to prejudice and intergroup perception. After developing a new measure of essentialist beliefs in Study 1, Study 2 showed that these beliefs were associated with negative bias towards immigrants, particularly when participants were primed with an exclusive social identity. In Study 3, essentialist beliefs among immigrants moderated their adoption of Australian identity as a self-guide during acculturation. Essentialist beliefs therefore play a significant role in the psychology of social identity.