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411.
Transformational leadership and moral reasoning 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Turner N Barling J Epitropaki O Butcher V Milner C 《The Journal of applied psychology》2002,87(2):304-311
Terms such as moral and ethical leadership are used widely in theory, yet little systematic research has related a sociomoral dimension to leadership in organizations. This study investigated whether managers' moral reasoning (n = 132) was associated with the transformational and transactional leadership behaviors they exhibited as perceived by their subordinates (n = 407). Managers completed the Defining Issues Test (J. R. Rest, 1990), whereas their subordinates completed the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (B. M. Bass & B. J. Avolio, 1995). Analysis of covariance indicated that managers scoring in the highest group of the moral-reasoning distribution exhibited more transformational leadership behaviors than leaders scoring in the lowest group. As expected, there was no relationship between moral-reasoning group and transactional leadership behaviors. Implications for leadership development are discussed. 相似文献
412.
413.
Nick McAdoo 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》1995,14(2-3):283-293
414.
A mechanism for error detection in speeded response time tasks 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Holroyd CB Yeung N Coles MG Cohen JD 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2005,134(2):163-191
The concept of error detection plays a central role in theories of executive control. In this article, the authors present a mechanism that can rapidly detect errors in speeded response time tasks. This error monitor assigns values to the output of cognitive processes involved in stimulus categorization and response generation and detects errors by identifying states of the system associated with negative value. The mechanism is formalized in a computational model based on a recent theoretical framework for understanding error processing in humans (C. B. Holroyd & M. G. H. Coles, 2002). The model is used to simulate behavioral and event-related brain potential data in a speeded response time task, and the results of the simulation are compared with empirical data. 相似文献
415.
Searching for two things at once: Evidence of exclusivity in semantic and autobiographical memory retrieval 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We examined whether retrieval from semantic memory (Experiment 1) and autobiographical memory (Experiment 2) is exclusive, or whether people can search for two things at once. In Experiment 1, participants retrieved items as quickly as possible over 4 ruin from single categories (e.g., foods, countries) and from disjunctive categories (e.g., foods or countries). In Experiment 2, participants retrieved autobiographical episodes associated with single cue words (e.g., flower, ticket) or with disjunctive cue words (e.g., flower or ticket). In both experiments, retrieval of items from the disjunctive category did not exceed predictions based on optimal sequencing of retrieval from the corresponding two single categories. That is, exclusivity was observed to occur in retrieval from among multiple nonoverlapping categories in both semantic and autobiographical memory. 相似文献
416.
Chris?WestburyEmail author Lori?Buchanan Michael?Sanderson Mijke?Rhemtulla Leah?Phillips 《Behavior research methods》2003,35(2):202-216
Psychology has to deal with many interacting variables. The analyses usually used to uncover such relationships have many
constraints that limit their utility. We briefly discuss these and describe recent work that uses genetic programming to evolve
equations to combine variables in nonlinear ways in a number of different domains. We focus on four studies of interactions
from lexical access experiments and psychometric problems. In all cases, genetic programming described nonlinear combinations
of items in a manner that was subsequently independently verified. We discuss the general implications of genetic programming
and related computational methods for multivariate problems in psychology. 相似文献
417.
Taxometric methodology was used to determine whether borderline personality disorder (BPD) represents a taxon that is categorically distinct from normal personality or whether it falls on a dimensional continuum with normality. Two taxometric procedures were used with a sample of 1,389 outpatients assessed for BPD symptoms by semistructured interview. The procedures indicated that BPD does not represent a latent category. Implications are drawn for the conceptualization and etiology of BPD, and for the categorical versus dimensional status of personality disorders in general. 相似文献
418.
Dr. Wade F. Horn Anne E. Wagner Nick Lalongo 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1989,17(1):109-125
This study investigated 54 children (37 boys and 17 girls) with cross-situational attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to determine whether there are sex differences in the expression of either the primary or secondary symptomatology of ADHD. Results indicated that the male and female ADHD groups were strikingly similar on all measures of primary (impulsivity, inattention, and overactivity) and secondary (learning problems, externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, peer relationship difficulties, and self-perceptions) symptomatology included in this study. The lack of significant sex differences conflicts with prior reports in the literature, and these conflicting results are discussed in terms of differences in inclusion criteria. Implications for understanding the long-term outcome of ADHD in girls are also discussed. 相似文献
419.
The personality scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) were constructed and validated to measure the typology developed by Millon (1981). The ability of the MCMI to measure the DSM-III personality disorders has not yet been empirically evaluated. The current study found better convergent validity for the DSM-III personality disorders that are consistent with Millon's typology (i.e., the avoidant and the dependent) than for the disorders that are inconsistent (i.e., the antisocial and the passive-aggressive). However, the results may reflect some advantages Millon's typology might have over the DSM-III. The discriminant validity of all four scales was limited, due in part to the overlap among the MCMI scales and the DSM-III personality disorders. We discuss implications of the results for the revision of the MCMI and the DSM-III. 相似文献
420.