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101.
Nick Child 《Journal of Family Therapy》1989,11(3):281-296
The specialist literature on family therapy naturally tends to focus only on the special features of what is a much larger body of skills and knowledge. To redress the balance this paper outlines the rest of the picture in various ways. About 90 separable component parts of family therapy are described. Some implications of this analysis are identified. 相似文献
102.
People often compare themselves to others to gain a better understanding of the self in a process known as social comparison. The current study discusses how people engage in a social comparison process on Facebook, and how observing content from their Facebook friends may affect their emotions. A 2 (comparison direction) × 2 (relational closeness) × 2 (self‐esteem) between‐subjects experiment was conducted with 163 adult participants. The results revealed a significant 3‐way interaction such that people with high self‐esteem would be happier receiving positive information than negative information from their close friends, but the effect would be the opposite if the information was from a distant friend. There was no such difference for people with low self‐esteem. 相似文献
103.
Marjolein F. van Wijk-Herbrink David P. Bernstein Nick J. Broers Jeffrey Roelofs Marleen M. Rijkeboer Arnoud Arntz 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2018,46(5):907-920
We investigated the relationships of adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing behaviors with their early maladaptive schemas (EMS), coping responses, and schema modes. We focused on EMS related to experiences of disconnection and rejection that comprise vulnerable emotions, such as shame, mistrust, deprivation, abandonment, and isolation/alienation. This cross-sectional study included a total of 699 adolescents (combined clinical and non-referred sample) who were 11 to 18 years old (M?=?14.6; SD?=?1.6), and of which 45% was male. All participants completed self-report questionnaires on EMS, coping responses, schema modes, and behavior problems. We aimed to clarify the relationships between these variables by testing mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation models. In general, coping responses functioned as mediators rather than moderators in the relationships between EMS and schema modes. Furthermore, EMS regarding experiences of disconnection and rejection were related to both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and coping responses and schema modes mediated these effects. In conclusion, although adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems manifest quite differently, they seem related to the same EMS. 相似文献
104.
Nick Treanor 《European Journal of Philosophy》2018,26(3):1057-1068
The notion of more truth, or of more truth and less falsehood, is central to epistemology. Yet, I argue, we have no idea what this consists in, as the most natural or obvious thing to say—that more truth is a matter of a greater number of truths, and less falsehood is a matter of a lesser number of falsehoods—is ultimately implausible. The issue is important not merely because the notion of more truth and less falsehood is central to epistemology, but because an implicit, false picture of what this consists in underpins and gives shape to much contemporary epistemology. 相似文献
105.
Haslam N Bain P Douge L Lee M Bastian B 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2005,89(6):937-950
People typically evaluate their in-groups more favorably than out-groups and themselves more favorably than others. Research on infrahumanization also suggests a preferential attribution of the "human essence" to in-groups, independent of in-group favoritism. The authors propose a corresponding phenomenon in interpersonal comparisons: People attribute greater humanness to themselves than to others, independent of self-enhancement. Study 1 and a pilot study demonstrated 2 distinct understandings of humanness--traits representing human nature and those that are uniquely human--and showed that only the former traits are understood as inhering essences. In Study 2, participants rated themselves higher than their peers on human nature traits but not on uniquely human traits, independent of self-enhancement. Study 3 replicated this "self-humanization" effect and indicated that it is partially mediated by attribution of greater depth to self versus others. Study 4 replicated the effect experimentally. Thus, people perceive themselves to be more essentially human than others. 相似文献
106.
Mediating proactive interference (PI), the deleterious effect of antecedent information on current memory representations,
is believed to be a key function of prefrontal cortex (PFC). Item-specific PI results when an invalid probe matches a memorandum
from the preceding trial; item-nonspecific PI is produced by the accumulation of no-longer-relevant items from previous trials.
We tested the hypothesis that these two types of PI are mediated by common PFC-based processes with an fMRI study of a delayed-recognition
task designed to produce both types of PI. Our results indicated that the fMRI correlates of both effects were restricted
both to Brodmann’s area 45 in the left hemisphere and to the memory probe epoch of the trial. These results suggest that a
unification of the literatures and approaches that have independently studied these phenomena might offer a fruitful new perspective
from which to study the relations between working memory, executive control, and the PFC. 相似文献
107.
Richard?Guest Nick?DonnellyEmail author Michael?Fairhurst Jonathan?Potter 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(2):347-354
Figure copying is often used to detect visuospatial neglect (VSN) in brain-damaged patients. We describe algorithms that enable
the computation of parameters for describing figure-copying performance. The researcher can readily implement these algorithms
on a computer using image analysis software, and they provide information on goodness-of-fit, relative to a standard model,
as well as on dynamic aspects of subjects’ performance in completing figure copies. To demonstrate the clinical utility of
these algorithms, preliminary results from a group of right-hemisphere brain-damaged patients, some of whom have VSN, are
compared with those for age-matched controls. 相似文献
108.
In a recent issue ofSophia Joel Tierno contends that free will theodicies are fundamentally flawed insofar as they claim to provide an adequate explanation
for God’s permission of moral evil. Free will, according to Tierno, only accounts for our ability to make certain choices
that issue in evil, but fails to account for the fact that we often do make such choices. However, the argument developed
by Tierno, despite its initial appeal, embodies an important misunderstanding of the nature of free will theodicies and in
particular the libertarian conception of human freedom customarily employed by these theodicies. 相似文献
109.
Similarity as transformation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We propose that similarity is determined by the transformation distance between representations: entities which are perceived to be similar have representations which are readily transformed into one another, whereas transforming between dissimilar entities requires many transformations. We present three experiments that indicate that similarity is strongly influenced by transformation distance. These data present a challenge for featural or spatial accounts of similarity. Finally, we introduce a family of transformation-based accounts of similarity, called 'Representational Distortion', as a specific example of a transformational approach to similarity. 相似文献
110.
Within psychology, essentialism has often been understood as the imputation of a hidden natural underpinning that determines the identity and membership of a given category. This naturalistic understanding has failed to address the varied and multi-faceted manner in which essentialist beliefs function on a cognitive level. Specifically, such an understanding does not account for essentialist beliefs that are related to functional categories derivative of a particular individual's present needs or social context. A parsimonious theory of psychological essentialism that accounts for beliefs in essences with respect to all categories, including those believed to be “natural”, is found in the writing of James (The Principles of Psychology, Vol. 2, Dover, New York, NY, 1890/1950). After accounting for the manner in which James’ theory addresses the limitations of the naturalistic view and extends it, it is recommended that his theory be incorporated into future empirical study of psychological essentialism. 相似文献