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151.
Ryan Nichols 《The Philosophical quarterly》2002,52(209):582-601
I argue that Reid adopts a form of Meinongianism about fictional objects because of, not in spite of, his common sense philosophy. According to 'the way of ideas', thoughts take representational states as their immediate intentional objects. In contrast, Reid endorses a direct theory of conception and a heady thesis of first-person privileged access to the contents of our thoughts. He claims that thoughts about centaurs are thoughts of nonexistent objects, not thoughts about mental intermediaries, adverbial states or general concepts. In part this is because of the common sense semantics he adopts for fictional-object terms. I show that it is reasonable for Reid to endorse Meinongianism, given his epistemological priorities, for he took the way of ideas to imply that his view about first-person privileged access to our mental contents was false. 相似文献
152.
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - 相似文献
153.
Jacqueline R. Evans Nadja Schreiber Compo Rolando N. Carol Kristin Nichols‐Lopez Howard Holness Kenneth G. Furton 《Applied cognitive psychology》2019,33(3):358-369
Intoxicated witnesses are common, making it important to understand alcohol's impact on witness accuracy and suggestibility. Participants assigned to an immediate retrieval condition encoded and recalled in one of the three intoxication conditions: sober control, placebo, or intoxicated. Participants in the delayed retrieval condition were assigned to encode in one of the three intoxication conditions, returned a week later, and were assigned to retrieve in one of the three intoxication conditions. Intoxication condition at encoding was fully crossed with intoxication condition at retrieval in the delayed condition. Participants encoded a mock crime video and retrieved via a forced‐choice test, with answers already circled (purportedly by a prior participant); half of the precircled responses were incorrect. When recalling after a delay only, intoxication at encoding increased agreement with incorrect suggested answers and decreased accuracy. Results suggest intoxicated witnesses may benefit from being interviewed immediately rather than after a sobering delay. 相似文献
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155.
Charles P. Nichols Kennon M. Sheldon Melanie S. Sheldon 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2008,2(2):968-984
Personality is arguably the most integrative area of psychology; yet, it is an area about which evolutionary psychologists have had comparatively little to say. This is unfortunate because evolutionary theory holds great potential as a framework that can link together the disparate aspects that make up a person. We suggest that progress in evolutionary personality psychology will be helped by clarification of precisely what an evolutionary theory of personality would need to address. To this end, we first describe and assess some extant contributions by theorists attempting to understand personality from an evolutionary perspective. Next, we endorse a working definition of what personality entails and outline three types of personality differences – character traits, goals/motives, and selves/identities – that any comprehensive evolutionary theory of personality should address. Finally, we suggest an approach forward, one where evolved species‐typical motives orient people toward adaptive ends and result in the differentiation of individuals’ unique selves. 相似文献
156.
Hvorecny LM Grudowski JL Blakeslee CJ Simmons TL Roy PR Brooks JA Hanner RM Beigel ME Karson MA Nichols RH Holm JB Boal JG 《Animal cognition》2007,10(4):449-459
In complex navigation using landmarks, an animal must discriminate between potential cues and show context (condition) sensitivity. Such conditional discrimination is considered a form of complex learning and has been associated primarily with vertebrates. We tested the hypothesis that octopuses and cuttlefish are capable of conditional discrimination. Subjects were trained in two maze configurations (the conditions) in which they were required to select one of two particular escape routes within each maze (the discrimination). Conditional discrimination could be demonstrated by selecting the correct escape route in each maze. Six of ten mud-flat octopuses (Octopus bimaculoides), 6 of 13 pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis), and one of four common cuttlefish (S. officinalis) demonstrated conditional discrimination by successfully solving both mazes. These experiments demonstrate that cephalopods are capable of conditional discrimination and extend the limits of invertebrate complex learning. 相似文献
157.
Shaun Nichols 《Synthese》2007,159(2):215-233
Recent work in developmental psychology indicates that children naturally think that psychological states continue after death.
One important candidate explanation for why this belief is natural appeals to the idea that we believe in immortality because
we can’t imagine our own nonexistence. This paper explores this old idea. To begin, I present a qualified statement of the
thesis that we can’t imagine our own nonexistence. I argue that the most prominent explanation for this obstacle, Freud’s,
is problematic. I go on to describe some central features of contemporary cognitive accounts of the imagination, and I argue
that these accounts provide an independently motivated explanation for the imaginative obstacle. While the imaginative obstacle
does not dictate a belief in immortality, it does, I maintain, facilitate such a belief. 相似文献
158.
Sita Anantha Raman Robert Nichols Richard Joshua Searle-White Heather T. Frazer Timothy Lubin Robin Rinehart Joel R. Smith Andrea Pinkney David Gordon White John Powers Phyllis Herman Lawrence A. Babb Carl Olson June McDaniel Knut A. Jacobsen John E. Cort Gregory P. Fields Jeffrey J. Kripal 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》2000,4(2):185-216
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