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821.
This essay begins by distinguishing among the viewpoints of philosophy, theology, and religion; it then explores how each deals with "sin" in the bioethical context. The conclusions are that the philosophical and theological viewpoints are intellectually defective in that they cripple our ability to deal with normative issues, and are in the end unable to integrate Christian concepts like "sin" successfully into bioethics. Sin is predicated only of beings with free will, though only in Western Christianity must all sins be committed with knowledge and voluntarily. Without the notions of free will, sin, and a narrative of redemption, bioethics remains unable to provide itself with an adequate normative framework. Bioethics, and morality in general, remain a morass precisely because there has been a failure to translate Christian morality into fully secular and scientistic terms. 相似文献
822.
823.
We hypothesized that a tendency towards abstract, general and decontextualized processing is a cognitive distortion that causally contributes to symptoms of depression. This hypothesis predicts that training dysphoric individuals to become more concrete and specific in their thinking would reduce depressive symptoms. To test this prediction, participants with stable dysphoria (scoring ≥ 14 on BDI-II at 2 consecutive weekly assessments) were randomly allocated in an additive design either to an active intervention control consisting of relaxation training or relaxation training plus concreteness training. Concreteness training involved repeated mental exercises designed to encourage more concrete and specific thinking about emotional events. Both interventions involved a training session and then repeated daily use of compact disc recordings for 7 days. Relaxation training plus concreteness training resulted in significantly greater decreases in depressive symptoms and marginally significantly greater decreases in state rumination than relaxation training alone. These findings suggest the potential value of concreteness training as a guided self-help intervention for mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms. 相似文献
824.
Inferences from faces can predict success. This may be particularly important for women, who are often evaluated by their appearance. Here 170 northeastern U.S. undergraduates judged personality traits or leadership ability from the faces of all 20 U.S. Fortune 1,000: 2006 female chief executive officers (CEOs) and we compared these ratings to the same trait ratings made for male CEOs in a previous study. After controlling for cues important for female leaders (attractiveness, affect, age, and masculinity/femininity), ratings of competence and leadership predicted the amount of profits that the CEOs’ companies made and ratings of dominance predicted the amount of individual compensation that the CEOs received. CEOs’ success is therefore related to their facial appearance regardless of target and perceiver gender. 相似文献
825.
Jonathan A. Farrimond Andrew J. Hill Nicholas A. Jones Gary J. Stephens Benjamin J. Whalley Claire M. Williams 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(2):446-451
We have designed and implemented a low-cost digital system using closed-circuit television cameras coupled to a digital acquisition
system for the recording of in vivo behavioral data in rodents and for allowing observation and recording of more than 10
animals simultaneously at a reduced cost, as compared with commercially available solutions. This system has been validated
using two experimental rodent models: one involving chemically induced seizures and one assessing appetite and feeding. We
present observational results showing comparable or improved levels of accuracy and observer consistency between this new
system and traditional methods in these experimental models, discuss advantages of the presented system over conventional
analog systems and commercially available digital systems, and propose possible extensions to the system and applications
to nonrodent studies. 相似文献
826.
William T. O’Donohue Nicholas A. Cummings Janet L. Cummings 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(1):94-100
One of the reasons integrated care has not become a dominant service delivery model is the unmet training agenda. This article
argues that the typical mental health professional is not trained to adequately address the challenges of integrated care.
To insure competency both a macro and clinical training agenda are needed. At the macro-level, mental health professionals
need to understand healthcare economics and basic business principles as any integrated care service delivery system is embedded
and driven by economic forces. Integrated care practitioners also need some basic business skills to understand these forces
and to create and manage a financially viable system, given the future flux of the system. Traditional mental health professionals
also do not have the clinical skills to implement integrated care. Integrated care is not simply placing a traditionally trained
mental health professional and letting them practice specialty mental health in a medical setting. Thus, the special skills
needed in integrated care are enumerated and discussed. Finally, a new degree program is described as it is time given the
huge need and advantages of integrated care to develop specialty training in integrated care. 相似文献
827.
828.
Scott Barry Kaufman Colin G. DeYoung Jeremy R. Gray Jamie Brown Nicholas Mackintosh 《Intelligence》2009,37(4):374-382
Recent evidence suggests the existence of multiple cognitive mechanisms that support the general cognitive ability factor (g). Working memory and processing speed are the two best established candidate mechanisms. Relatively little attention has been given to the possibility that associative learning is an additional mechanism contributing to g. The present study tested the hypothesis that associative learning ability, as assessed by psychometrically sound associative learning tasks, would predict variance in g above and beyond the variance predicted by working memory capacity and processing speed. This hypothesis was confirmed in a sample of 169 adolescents, using structural equation modeling. Associative learning, working memory, and processing speed all contributed significant unique variance to g, indicating not only that multiple elementary cognitive processes underlie intelligence, but also the novel finding that associative learning is one such process. 相似文献
829.
Craig A. Anderson Nicholas L. Carnagey 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(4):731-739
Three experiments examined the impact of excessive violence in sport video games on aggression-related variables. Participants played either a nonviolent simulation-based sports video game (baseball or football) or a matched excessively violent sports video game. Participants then completed measures assessing aggressive cognitions (Experiment 1), aggressive affect and attitudes towards violence in sports (Experiment 2), or aggressive behavior (Experiment 3). Playing an excessively violent sports video game increased aggressive affect, aggressive cognition, aggressive behavior, and attitudes towards violence in sports. Because all games were competitive, these findings indicate that violent content uniquely leads to increases in several aggression-related variables, as predicted by the General Aggression Model and related social-cognitive models. 相似文献
830.
Nicholas O. Rule Nalini Ambady Katherine C. Hallett 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(6):1245-1251
Whereas previous work has shown that male sexual orientation can be accurately and rapidly perceived from the human face and its individual features, no study has examined the judgment of female sexual orientation. To fill this gap, the current work examined the accuracy, speed, and automaticity of judgments of female sexual orientation from the face and from facial features. Study 1 showed that female sexual orientation could be accurately judged from the face and from just eyes without brows and limited to the outer canthi. Study 2 then examined the speed and efficiency of these judgments, showing that judgments of the faces following very brief, near subliminal (40 ms) exposures were significantly better than chance guessing. Finally, Study 3 tested the automaticity of judgments of female sexual orientation by examining the effects of deliberation on accuracy. Participants who made snap judgments of female sexual orientation were significantly more accurate than participants who made thoughtful and deliberated judgments. These data therefore evidence a robust, reliable, and automatic capacity for extracting information about female sexual orientation from nonverbal cues in the face. 相似文献