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141.
Anne McIntyre Karen Rasmussen Lounsbury Mary Lou Hamilton Janie Marie Mantooth 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》1980,1(2):149-161
Individual differences in anxiety and peer affiliation were investigated as factors influencing variability of object play among preschoolers. Eighteen three-year-olds were divided into high- and low-anxious groups on the bases of separation anxiety and general anxiety scales. Their mature and immature object play, their peer affiliation, and their peer-watching behaviors were observed in preschools. Low-anxious children played more, showed more mature play, and watched peers less when they were alone; high-anxious children showed no play increases but watched peers more when alone. Separation anxiety scores predicted preschool differences more sensitively than general anxiety scores. It was theorized that separation anxiety related mechanisms hinder children's ability to fully profit from preschool experiences. 相似文献
142.
143.
144.
Niall Shanks 《Erkenntnis》1993,39(2):243-255
This paper explores the consequences of the orthodox resolution of the measurement problem for the axiomatic base of non-relativistic elementary quantum mechanics. It is argued that the standard resolution of the measurement problem generates a paradox whose dissolution may be achieved through an enrichment of the axiomatic foundations of quantum mechanics. These results are also linked to some recent creative proposals by Nancy Cartwright concerning the nature of the so-called reduction of the wave packet. 相似文献
145.
146.
Keith K. Niall 《Acta psychologica》1999,100(3):291-320
Five experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that observers apprehend specific constancies under change in perspective. The constancies were projective properties of ellipses pictured to slant and tilt in depth. Observers were asked to reproduce the static upright view of a moving pair of ellipses, using a computer graphics display and interface. Projective invariants for pairs of conics were computed on the observers’ productions. A few experimental conditions revealed near-perfect performance. When pairs of coplanar ellipses were viewed under dynamic transformation in perspective, then invariants calculated on the observers’ productions were a match – in value on average – to the invariants of the transforming ellipse pairs. It is proposed that measures of projective properties afford a family of techniques that can be applied to gauge acuity for complex shapes in the study of visual form perception. 相似文献
147.
The spans of apprehension of hyperactive and normal boys were compared with a forced-choice letter-recognition task developed by Estes (1965). This task provides an estimate of the span which is relatively insensitive to either memory or motivational influences. The span size was the same for both groups when visual noise was absent. In the presence of noise, span size for the hyperactive boys decreased. Moreover, as the number of noise letters increased, the reduction in span size observed for the hyperactive boys increased. It is argued that this increasing reduction in span size represents a true deficit in attention. 相似文献
148.
Iida M Seidman G Shrout PE Fujita K Bolger N 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2008,94(3):460-478
Whereas supportive interactions are usually studied from the perspective of recipients alone, the authors used a dyadic design to incorporate the perspectives of both provider and recipient. In 2 daily diary studies, the authors modeled provider reports of support provision in intimate dyads over several weeks. The 1st involved couples experiencing daily stressors (n = 79); the 2nd involved couples experiencing a major professional stressor (n = 196). The authors hypothesized that factors relating to (a) recipients (their requests for support, moods, and stressful events), (b) providers (their moods and stressful events), (c) the relationship (relationship emotions and history of support exchanges), and (d) the stressor (daily vs. major stressors) would each predict daily support provision. Across both studies, characteristics of providers, recipients, and their relationship emerged as key predictors. Implications for theoretical models of dyadic support processes are discussed. 相似文献
149.
Niall Shanks Ray Greek Jean Greek 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2009,4(1):2-20
It is one of the central aims of the philosophy of science to elucidate the meanings of scientific terms and also to think
critically about their application. The focus of this essay is the scientific term predict and whether there is credible evidence that animal models, especially in toxicology and pathophysiology, can be used to predict
human outcomes. Whether animals can be used to predict human response to drugs and other chemicals is apparently a contentious
issue. However, when one empirically analyzes animal models using scientific tools they fall far short of being able to predict
human responses. This is not surprising considering what we have learned from fields such evolutionary and developmental biology,
gene regulation and expression, epigenetics, complexity theory, and comparative genomics. 相似文献
150.
McIntyre LL Gresham FM DiGennaro FD Reed DD 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2007,40(4):659-672
We reviewed all school-based experimental studies with individuals 0 to 18 years published in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) between 1991 and 2005. A total of 142 articles (152 studies) that met review criteria were included. Nearly all (95%) of these experiments provided an operational definition of the independent variable, but only 30% of the studies provided treatment integrity data. Nearly half of studies (45%) were judged to be at high risk for treatment inaccuracies. Treatment integrity data were more likely to be included in studies that used teachers, multiple treatment agents, or both. Although there was a substantial increase in reporting operational definitions of independent variables, results suggest that there was only a modest improvement in reported integrity over the past 30 years of JABA studies. Recommendations for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献