论医学创新中的灵感思维

灵感是一种奇妙的创新思维方式。通过对古今中外医学史上运用灵感思维完成创新的实践过程进行考察、说明灵感思维可以划分为酝酿－－顿悟－－验证在阶段基核心是顿悟阶段。在此阶段中有自悟型和外引整两大类,主要是十种形式。人类即将进入２１世纪,与之相适应的医学领域地出现惊人的创新,研究医学创新中的灵感思维,有助于我们探讨和认识新思维的机制和规律,用以启迪和培养全民族的创新能力,为人类飞向未来插上金翅。     

Urbewußtsein und Unbewußtsein in Husserls Zeitverständnis

Ohne ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit wurde auf The first international Meeting for Husserl Studies in Japan (Shizuoka University, November 23–24, 2002) vorgetragen. Zum Zweck der Veröffentlichung wurden einigeÄnderungen vorgenommen. Für die wertvollen Anregungen in der Korrespondenz und Diskussion bedanke ich mich herzlich bei Ichiro Yamaguchi, Nam-In Lee, Anthony Steinbock, Tetsuya Sakakibara und Elmar Holenstein!     

道德本能与道德判断

Human beings’ moral life can be divided into two forms, one based on moral instincts and the other on moral judgments. The former is carried on without deliberation, while the latter relies upon valuations and judgments. The two can ultimately be viewed as man’s innate moral nature and acquired moral conventions. Theoretically, preference for the former will lead to naturalism and for the latter to culturalism, but this is the reality of man’s moral life. Moreover, there may be a parallel relation between the moral structure of human life and the grammatical structure of human language. Translated by Yu Xin from Zhexue yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Researches), 2007, (12): 72–78     

胡塞尔时间意识分析中的"滞留"概念——兼论心智与语言的关系

胡塞尔内时间意识现象学分析中的"滞留"(Retention)概念,在他十多年的时间现象学研究中有一个形成并在含义上变化发展的过程。它最后得到确定,并被用来标识内时间意识中的一个特殊意向,从而自身有别于一般意义上的"回忆"。除此之外,胡塞尔在研究文稿中的相关思考以及对此概念使用的历程,也可以用来指证心智与语言之间的内在关系。     

Exercise motivation in university community members: a behavioural intervention

The purpose of this study was to examine how exercise level, exercise motives, and barriers changed from the baseline phase to the follow-up phase after a behavioural and cognitive intervention aimed at increasing exercise. Seventy-five members of our university community (43 subjects in the control group and 32 in the experimental group), all of whom received cognitive feedback, agreed to complete the baseline phase. Only the experimental group received behavioural feedback and a free-access gym ticket with personal training in order to facilitate their adherence to exercise. The results suggest that a combination of behavioural and psychological techniques is an efficient strategy for increasing exercise level. In addition, the results showed that extrinsic motivation predominates the early stages of change-of-exercise behaviour, and that intrinsic motivation is important for progression towards maintenance. Subjects who decreased their exercise level increased their extrinsic exercise motivation and subjects who increased their exercise level decreased the barriers related to intrinsic motivation. These findings indicate that, in order to facilitate exercise adherence, feedback about motives for undertaking exercise is needed, combined with advice about how to improve physical condition. This combination could help eliminate certain barriers that hinder engaging in an active and healthy life-style.     

团队异质性的平衡性对团队创造力的影响

团队异质性的平衡性是指团队中异质性属性的相对分布情况, 是一个从不平衡到平衡的连续谱概念。作为对团队构成维度的补充, 本研究探究其如何通过团队信息深化施加影响于团队创造力。通过对浙江理工大学451名学生的团队实验研究, 得出结论认为：团队知识异质性的平衡性能够积极影响团队创造力, 且团队信息深化在这一过程中起中介作用, 性别异质性的平衡性与团队创造力之间的关系不显著。这一研究结果将有助于打开团队构成和团队创造力研究的新局面。     

基于正常人群的阈下自闭特质：概念、结构和影响因素

阈下自闭特质是正常人群表现出来的, 自闭症谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD)阈限以下温和的社会性、交流能力损伤以及与ASD相关的人格和认知特征。其研究有助于ASD的干预及对ASD实质的更好理解。研究者用共情–系统化理论对其进行了理论解释。近来研究表明阈下自闭特质的结构与ASD核心行为维度类似, 且遗传、性别、认知风格等因素影响阈下自闭特质水平。未来研究应更有效地对阈下自闭特质进行评估, 并进一步探讨其可能存在的病理性质、与ASD的理论界限等问题。     

网络成瘾的诊断及其治疗

本文从网络成瘾的心理测量评定、临床评定和诊断、心理行为治疗和临床药物治疗四个方面,介绍了国内外对网络成瘾的诊断和治疗研究.问卷和量表是诊断网络成瘾最直接和主要的形式,同时也出现了结合临床精神病学特征诊断网络成瘾的研究.对网络成瘾的干预和治疗主要是心理行为治疗,临床和药物的治疗还比较少.最后对现有诊断和治疗研究中存在的一些问题进行了总结和评述.     

The relationship between dynamic strain aging and serrated flow behaviour in magnesium alloy

The relationship between dynamic strain ageing (DSA) and serrated flow has been investigated via alternately switching strain rates at various temperatures in a Mg–3Nd–1Zn alloy. The results reveal that serrated flow is enhanced with decreasing strain rate and increasing temperature and tends to vanish, while the DSA continually intensifies as revealed by a higher flow stress even after the serration flow disappears. A mechanism is proposed, which could explain some abnormal deformation behaviour, such as a negative strain rate sensitivity and thermal hardening.     

具身化空间四卡问题解决的内容效应

利用三个实验探讨了左右、前后(实验1,2)具身化空间四卡问题解决的内容效应,同时探讨了条件推理后件类型(二分变量与连续性变量)对具身化内容效应的影响(实验3)。结果发现:(1)三个实验均表现出在自我参照空间四卡问题解决中,肯定前件和否定后件同时被选择的比率(P-Q)显著高于在经典四卡问题或环境参照空间四卡问题中P-Q卡被选择的比率,从而表现出四卡问题解决存在具身化内容效应;(2)具身化内容效应仅限于后件类型是二分变量的四卡问题;(3)在三个实验中被试均表现出"证真偏向"。具身化空间四卡问题解决的内容效应支持了条件推理领域特异性理论。