个体神经质水平对情绪加工的影响 ——事件相关电位研究

采用事件相关电位方法探讨个体神经质水平对情绪加工的影响,测量并比较了神经质高水平个体和神经质低水平个体观看三类图片（积极、中性和消极）时的事件相关电位。结果发现,P120、N130、P230和N250成分的刺激效价主效应显著,积极、消极情绪刺激与中性刺激诱发的ERP差异最早开始于刺激呈现后的120ms左右。其次,在额叶和额中央部位的晚正电位上,神经质水平与刺激效价交互作用显著,神经质高分组与低分组对消极情绪刺激的反应有明显差异,而两组被试对积极、中性刺激的反应没有表现出差异。结果支持神经质与消极情绪相关,个体的神经质水平主要影响额叶和额中央叶的晚期负性情绪加工     

自尊与攻击行为的关系述评

传统观点认为低自尊容易导致攻击,但最近此观点遭到置疑。一些实验证实了低自尊者容易陷入被欺负的境地;Salmivalli等认为某些高自尊的人更具攻击性,而另一些却没有;Bushman和Baumeister等认为自尊与攻击之间没什么联系,但自恋与攻击有高相关。总之,目前自尊与攻击的关系还很难明了,但很多结论都证实了自我中心被威胁学说和高自尊异质性学说。     

初中生的自尊、受益者特征与亲社会行为的关系

以初中一至三年级学生为对象,采用自尊量表（SES）和帮助行为调查问卷进行测查,以探讨自尊、受助者特征对其亲社会行为的影响。结果表明：（1）在社会道德认知和自我意愿层面上,大多数初中生能表现出积极的亲社会性助人趋向,部分学生的行为决策判定具有不一致性;（2）初中生的自尊程度不影响对他人需要的注意、归因以及行为方式的选择,但与帮助行为的价值取向、行为意愿等认知、情感因素有关,能直接影响自主性的亲社会行为;（3）初中生有关潜在受益者特征的某种认知结果及其相应的情感体验,对帮助型亲社会行为趋向有重要影响;（4）初中生的自尊及其所知觉的潜在量益者特征在亲社会行为趋向中交互作用不显著。     

纳米细菌与冠心病

最近新发现的纳米细菌是目前已知的最小的细菌,其直径为几十至几百纳米.与其它细菌不同,它们是一种生长繁殖缓慢,能通过普通滤菌器(0.2um),吴有生物矿化作用和一定抗辐射能力,革兰氏染色阴性的球形细菌.它们最特殊的生物学特性是可以在生理状态的钙、磷浓度下分泌主要由羟磷石灰碳酸盐构成的保护性外壳.因此,它们被认为与机体内病理性钙化密切相关.近年来研究发现,它们可能是冠心病的一种感染性致病源.抗纳米细菌治疗的临床实验显示在冠心病患者中具有一定疗效.     

Spiritual Exercises in Augustine’s Confessions

Confessions, the narrative of Augustine’s spiritual journey, has been a source of inspiration to readers through many centuries. It addresses the universal striving of the individual towards a ‘way of living’ characterized by internal coherence and an experience of the transcendent. Augustine, using a method of inquiry and engagement, guides the reader through some fundamental exercises: remembering one’s story; facing inner restlessness; entering into dialogue with God; ordering of human love; centering in Christ; participating in a community of faith; living as a pilgrim. Together, they constitute a didactic instrument for the spiritual development of his readers. This paper reconstructs that central purpose in a coherent and practical model.     

国外青少年身体活动动机理论及其对体育教育的启示

青少年在身体活动领域参与程度的下降趋势已经成为全球性的问题.目前,国内外研究者们对身体活动行为背后的参与动机给予了广泛的研究.本文对国外青少年身体活动动机研究的理论进行了梳理,在此基础上总结青少年身体活动参与动机的特点,并针对我国的体育教育工作提出建议,为我国的体育教育工作提供参考.     

Be mindful in love: Exploring the interpersonal effects of spouse mindfulness on employee work and family outcomes

Mindfulness has received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners, and considerable research has demonstrated the intrapersonal effects of mindfulness at work or at home. Research to date, however, has overlooked potential interpersonal effects of mindfulness across the work and family domains. Drawing on the spillover-crossover model and the mindfulness literature, we investigate the effects of spouse mindfulness at home on employee work and family outcomes. We test our model using dyadic experience-sampling data collected from 125 focal employees and their spouses over 10 consecutive workdays. The results indicated that, at the within-person level, spouse mindfulness at home was positively associated with employee authentic emotional sharing at home, which, in turn, was positively associated with employee positive effect at home but negatively associated with employee negative affect at home. The results also indicated that spouse mindfulness at home had a positive indirect effect on family satisfaction at home and work engagement during the next morning through enhancing employee authentic emotional sharing at home. We discuss the implications of these findings and directions for the mindfulness research.     

Expanding Possibilities: Flexibility and Solidarity with Under-resourced Immigrant Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The novel coronavirus has added new anxieties and forms of grieving to the myriad practical and emotional burdens already present in the lives of underserved and uninsured immigrant families and communities. In this article, we relate our experiences since the COVID-19 crisis to the lessons we have learned over time as mental health professionals working with families in no-cost, student-managed community comprehensive health clinics in academic-community partnerships. We compare and contrast the learnings of flexibility of time, space, procedures, or attendance we acquired in this clinical community setting during regular times, with the new challenges families and therapists face, and the adaptations needed to continue to work with our clients in culturally responsive and empowering ways during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe families, students, professionals, promotoras (community links), and IT support staff joining together in solidarity as the creative problem solvers of new possibilities when families do not have access to Wi-Fi, smartphones, or computers, or suffer overcrowding and lack of privacy. We describe many anxieties related to economic insecurity or fear of facing death alone, but also how to visualize expanding possibilities in styles of parenting or types of emotional support among family members as elements of hope that may endure beyond these unprecedented tragic times of loss and uncertainty.     

Are mindful people more risk-averse? Effects of trait and state mindfulness on risk preference in decision-making

The current research investigated whether various aspects of mindfulness were differentially associated with risk preference in decision-making. In Studies 1 and 2, attention and present-focus aspects of trait mindfulness were associated with lower risk preference in making monetary gains. In Study 3, participants completed either a mindfulness training or listened to a comparable control recording. Compared to the control condition, subjects in the mindfulness condition were more risk-averse in making choices for monetary gains. The attention and present-focus aspects of state mindfulness mediated this connection. Study 4 introduced a loss framing, where attention and present-focus no longer associated with lower risk preference, but awareness and acceptance aspects of trait mindfulness associated with higher risk preference in avoiding monetary losses. The results suggest that different aspects of mindfulness have potential for mitigating risk preference, but such potential is limited depending on the framing of a decision context.     

Cognitive Structure,Content Knowledge,and Classificatory Reasoning

Classificatory reasoning was studied in 58 children, 7 and 8 years old, who differed in operational level as well as in expertise. Knowledge about dinosaurs was used to distinguish expertise level. The children's performance on class-inclusion tasks involving the dinosaur content was a function of operational level. An overall effect of expertise was found for children's performance on class-membership measures. Furthermore, on the class-membership measures, expertise did not significantly influence the performance of children at the concrete-operational level, but it did for children at the pre-operational level. The results suggest that domain-specific knowledge and operational level may have different but interacting influences on children's classificatory reasoning.