茅山元阳观

元阳观为茅山名观之一,历史悠久.唐代诗人顾况(727-815)曾寓居此观读书多年,后作有<题元阳观旧读书房赠李范>诗云:"此观十年游,此房千里宿,还来旧窗下,更取君书读."该观后毁于战乱,南宋时复建.据<金坛县志>和元代刘大彬<茅山志>记载,南宋隆兴初(1163),吴兴道人沈善智穴居于此,自称洞主.时有黑虎随之出入,人皆异之.后韩蕲王夫人茅氏与侍从者来访遗迹,果见黑虎随道人周旋起伏,因号沈善智为伏虎真人,随即资助构建殿堂,名为"冲虚庵".庆元年间(1195-1200),请得观额,仍名元阳观.此后该观又历经风雨,几度兴废.     

Detection of collision events on curved trajectories: optical information from invariant rate-of-bearing change

Previous research (Andersen & Kim, 2001) has shown that a linear trajectory collision event (i.e., a collision between a moving object and an observer) is specified by objects that expand and maintain a constant bearing (the object location remains constant in the visual field). In the present study, we examined the optical information for detecting a collision event when the trajectory was of constant curvature. Under these conditions, a collision event is specified by expansion of an object and a constant rate-of-bearing change. Three experiments were conducted in which trajectory curvature and display duration were varied while time to contact, speed, and initial image position of the collision objects were maintained. The results indicated that collision detection performance decreased with an increase in trajectory curvature and decreased with a decrease in display duration, especially for highly curved trajectories. In Experiment 3, we found that the presentation of a constant rate-of-bearing change in noncollision stimuli resulted in an increase in the false alarm rate. These results demonstrate that observers can detect collision events on curved trajectories and that observers utilize bearing change information.     

易道象数之维的图式结构

《周易》对于客观世界的认识有着一个完整的图式 ,其基本结构是象数 ,其中象是认知经验的形象化和象征化 ,数是形象和象征符号的关系化以及在时空位置上的排列化以及应用化与实用化。在此基础上 ,易象的关系和排列亦即易象的数的关系中呈显的意义凝化为概念并将这些意义和概念发挥为命题及判断 ,即易象、易数、易义的整体化和思辩化 ,这标志着《周易》的思想从最初的原始巫术蜕变为缜密严谨、完整系统的哲学体系。     

The Impact of World Knowledge on the Processing of Mandarin Possessive Reflexive <Emphasis Type="Italic">zijide</Emphasis>

It has long been considered that the Mandarin possessive reflexive zijide can be either locally bound or long distance bound, leading to ambiguity where it fails to exclusively refer back to either long distance binding NP or the local NP. In addition to syntactic factors such as the local versus long distance division, the present study examined the potential influence of general world knowledge on the interpretation of zijide. Three experiments, two offline sentence evaluation tasks and one online sentence reading task, found that zijide could be either facilitated or impeded by world knowledge carried in the NPs of the sentence. The results showed that in some cases, zijide was considered exclusively referring back to the long distance NP. These findings seemed to support the notion of subject orientation effect and demonstrated the influence of world knowledge on the processing of Mandarin possessive reflexive zijide.     

Judgement bias in pigs is independent of performance in a spatial holeboard task and conditional discrimination learning

Biases in judgement of ambiguous stimuli, as measured in a judgement bias task, have been proposed as a measure of the valence of affective states in animals. We recently suggested a list of criteria for behavioural tests of emotion, one of them stating that responses on the task used to assess emotionality should not be confounded by, among others, differences in learning capacity, i.e. must not simply reflect the cognitive capacity of an animal. We performed three independent studies in which pigs acquired a spatial holeboard task, a free choice maze which simultaneously assesses working memory and reference memory. Next, pigs learned a conditional discrimination between auditory stimuli predicting a large or small reward, a prerequisite for assessment of judgement bias. Once pigs had acquired the conditional discrimination task, optimistic responses to previously unheard ambiguous stimuli were measured in the judgement bias task as choices indicating expectation of the large reward. We found that optimism in the judgement bias task was independent of all three measures of learning and memory indicating that the performance is not dependent on the pig’s cognitive abilities. These results support the use of biases in judgement as proxy indicators of emotional valence in animals.     

道德谱系学与道德意识现象学

一尼采于1887年发表《论道德的谱系》。此后谱系学的哲学著作便开始日趋增多。连胡塞尔这位在其一生中看起来从未与尼采发生直接联系的思想家①,也会在1933年有意无意地以逻辑谱系学研究为副标题,来发表他生前最后一部著作《经验与判断》,遑论眼下最重要的谱系哲学家福柯等     

Exploring Counselor-Client Agreement on Clients’ Work Capacity in Established and Consultative Dyads

Counselor-client agreement on the work capacity of clients living with serious mental illnesses informs the counseling relationship and facilitates accurate assessments of client eligibility for public programs. In this exploratory mixed-methods study, we assessed counselor-client agreement on clients’ work capacity in 61 established therapeutic dyads and compared it with 30 dyads involved in an initial assessment session. Intraclass correlation coefficients and mountain plots were used to examine counselor-client agreement. Results revealed moderate counselor-client agreement of work capacity for both dyads. Counselor interviews illuminated sources of discordance. These results have practical implications for assessing the work capacity of clients.     

How Are Personality States Associated with Smartphone Data?

Smartphones promise great potential for personality science to study people's everyday life behaviours. Even though personality psychologists have become increasingly interested in the study of personality states, associations between smartphone data and personality states have not yet been investigated. This study provides a first step towards understanding how smartphones may be used for behavioural assessment of personality states. We explored the relationships between Big Five personality states and data from smartphone sensors and usage logs. On the basis of the existing literature, we first compiled a set of behavioural and situational indicators, which are potentially related to personality states. We then applied them on an experience sampling data set containing 5748 personality state responses that are self-assessments of 30 minutes timeframes and corresponding smartphone data. We used machine learning analyses to investigate the predictability of personality states from the set of indicators. The results showed that only for extraversion, smartphone data (specifically, ambient noise level) were informative beyond what could be predicted based on time and day of the week alone. The results point to continuing challenges in realizing the potential of smartphone data for psychological research. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology