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151.
Validity of the decisional process inventory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Empirical research on career indecision has been criticized for lacking theoretical conceptualization. To address this problem we examined the validity of the decisional process inventory (DPI), a measure of career decision making derived from a model based in Gestalt psychotherapy theory. Undergraduate college students (91 women, 110 men) responded to the DPI and criterion measures of career indecision and vocational identity. Results supported hypothesized relations between and among DPI items and subscales, and the ability of the measure to differentiate individuals by expressed career choice status. Significant intercorrelations among DPI subscales and criterion measures supported the concurrent validity of the DPI. Confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis of the DPI items did not support the hypothesized structure of the DPI to measure three career decision-making process dimensions: readiness, action, and resistance. Although results supported the basic psychometric properties of the DPI as a brief measure of career decision making, additional research is needed to clarify the underlying factor structure of the instrument. 相似文献
152.
A theory-based treatment model for psychopathy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
153.
L Fields B J Adams T Verhave S Newman 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1990,53(3):345-358
A four-member equivalence class (A → B → C → D) can be formed by training AB, BC, and CD. The nodal stimuli, B and C, mediate all of the derivative (transitive and equivalence) relations in the class. The derivative relations AC, CA, BD, and DB are separated by one node, whereas AD and DA are separated by two nodes. How do the number of nodes that separate the stimuli in a derivative relation influence the induction of stimulus control exerted by that relation? Seven college students learned two four-member classes made up of nonsense syllables. After training, all derivative relations were presented repeatedly without informative feedback. Stimulus control exerted by each derivative relation was assessed concurrently. For the 7 subjects, control exerted by the derivative relations increased gradually with repeated presentations. With 6 of the 7 subjects, the one-node relations exerted more control than the two-node relations during the process. However, the disparity between the one- and two-node relations decreased with repeated presentations. Eventually, all derivative relations exerted complete control. The control exerted by derivative relations during induction was inversely related to the number of nodes separating the terms in the derivative relations. These results demonstrate that nodal distance is a determinant of the relatedness of stimuli in equivalence classes. The findings are discussed in terms of remote association, semantic memory networks, and the study of transitive inference. 相似文献
154.
Joseph P. Newman Ethan E. Gorenstein John E. Kelsey 《Personality and individual differences》1983,4(2):147-156
It has been proposed that dysfunction within a neural system composed of the medial septum, the posterior hippocampus and the orbito-frontal cortex (SHF system) may constitute the physiological basis of several disinhibitory syndromes in humans—psychopathy, hyperkinesis, alcoholism and extraversion. Consequently, the syndrome produced by lesions of the SHF system in animals is offered as a tentative behavioral model that may elucidate basic psychological components of human disinhibitory psychopathology. As predicted from this model, rats with septal lesions, like disinhibited humans, were less likely to delay gratification than controls when given a choice between waiting 10 sec for an assured reinforcement and an immediately available, though infrequently delivered, reinforcement. Inquiry into the nature of this deficit suggested that these rats are subject to an interference effect, such that the influence of future rewards on behavior could be disrupted or ‘eclipsed’ by the presence of more immediate, prominent, motivationally significant cues. The possibility that various disinhibitory syndromes in humans may also be due to a similar rigid focus of attention upon the most immediate or prominent motivationally significant event was briefly discussed. 相似文献
155.
A test of a passive self-control training procedure suggested by Skinner was performed. After smoker's tolerance for delay of smoking was assessed, they were exposed to either an increasing, decreasing or random sequence of imposed delay of smoking and were then tested for tolerance to delay. Increasing delay significantly improved subjects' smoking inhibition while decreasing and random sequences had no significant effect. The results are attributed to either frustration extinction or rehearsal of coping responses to the aversiveness of delay. 相似文献
156.
157.
Study time and recall by learning-disabled and nondisabled children of five different ages were examined in a task requiring recall of digits that were presented at the child's own rate. Recall increased with age and was significantly higher by nondisabled than disabled children, particularly at older ages. As additional digits of each sequence were presented, study time by 8-year-old disabled and nondisabled groups were relatively constant, increased in older disabled and nondisabled children, but increased more in older nondisabled children than older learning disabled children. Instructions in hierarchical grouping of digits increased recall by all groups to a similar degree, but the increase by younger children and learning disabled children was associated with longer study times. The results suggest that allocation of study time and recall are developmentally delayed in learning disabled children. 相似文献
158.
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160.
J Newman 《Adolescence》1987,22(87):503-510
The current policy of raising the drinking age seems likely to have psychological costs for adolescents, including deterioration of their relationship with adult society. Colleges are likely to be the sites of heightened adolescent discontent because so many undergraduates are affected by the change in law. College administrators have the opportunity to reduce some of the psychological effects and ensure that adolescent discontent is channeled into developmentally enhancing activities. 相似文献