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Reexamining the word length effect in visual word recognition: New evidence from the English Lexicon Project 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the present study, we reexamined the effect of word length (number of letters in a word) on lexical decision. Using the
English Lexicon Project, which is based on a large data set of over 40,481 words (Balota et al., 2002), we performed simultaneous
multiple regression analyses on a selection of 33,006 English words (ranging from 3 to 13 letters in length). Our analyses
revealed an unexpected pattern of results taking the form of a U-shaped curve. The effect of number of letters was facilitatory
for words of 3–5 letters, null for words of 5–8 letters, and inhibitory for words of 8–13 letters. We also showed that printed
frequency, number of syllables, and number of orthographic neighbors all made independent contributions. The length effects
were replicated in a new analysis of a subset of 3,833 monomorphemic nouns (ranging from 3 to 10 letters), and also in another
analysis based on 12,987 bisyllabic items (ranging from 3 to 9 letters). These effects were independent of printed frequency,
number of syllables, and number of orthographic neighbors. Furthermore, we also observed robust linear inhibitory effects
of number of syllables. Implications for models of visual word recognition are discussed. 相似文献
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Ludovic Ferrand Boris New Marc Brysbaert Emmanuel Keuleers Patrick Bonin Alain Méot Maria Augustinova Christophe Pallier 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(2):488-496
The French Lexicon Project involved the collection of lexical decision data for 38,840 French words and the same number of
nonwords. It was directly inspired by the English Lexicon Project (Balota et al., 2007) and produced very comparable frequency
and word length effects. The present article describes the methods used to collect the data, reports analyses on the word
frequency and the word length effects, and describes the Excel files that make the data freely available for research purposes.
The word and pseudoword data from this article may be downloaded from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
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Tina Hebert Deshotels Craig J. Forsyth Stephanie Earwood BreeAnna New Jennifer Fulmer 《Deviant behavior》2013,34(6):732-751
ABSTRACTChristian Domestic Discipline (CDD) advocates wifely submission and male dominance through religiously justified punishment. Using publicly available anonymous testimonials and websites devoted to CDD this research examines how male heads of household, their female partners and the CDD community use techniques of neutralization to rationalize this practice. Our research shows how techniques of neutralization draw upon larger cultural norms, disseminated through organizations, and used in relationships to maintain hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity. In so doing we emphasize how the recreation of gender inequality is accomplished in relations of domination and subordination at the macro, meso, and micro levels of analysis. We find that hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity as a cultural ideal is embedded in institutions, in this case religion, promulgated by religious organizations (CDD and churches) and used as a resource in interaction in the formation of an identity as Christian that centers on the idea that men are in power and have control over women. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT— In motion-induced blindness (MIB), salient objects in full view can repeatedly fluctuate into and out of conscious awareness when superimposed onto certain global moving patterns. Here we suggest a new account of this striking phenomenon: Rather than being a failure of visual processing, MIB may be a functional product of the visual system's attempt to separate distal stimuli from artifacts of damage to the visual system itself. When a small object is invariant despite changes that are occurring to a global region of the surrounding visual field, the visual system may discount that stimulus as akin to a scotoma, and may thus expunge it from awareness. We describe three experiments demonstrating new phenomena predicted by this account and discuss how it can also explain several previous results. 相似文献
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Barch DM Mitropoulou V Harvey PD New AS Silverman JM Siever LJ 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2004,113(4):556-568
Research suggests that schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is a part of the spectrum of schizophrenia-related illnesses. This article hypothesizes that a deficit in the representation and maintenance of context is a core cognitive disturbance in schizophrenia and that SPD individuals should demonstrate context-processing deficits. To test this hypothesis, the authors administered 3 versions of their AX-CPT task, designed to assess context processing, to 35 healthy controls and 26 individuals with DSM-IV SPD. They also administered working memory and selective attention tasks. SPD individuals displayed context representation deficits similar to those found in schizophrenia but did not show the same additional deficits in context maintenance. Context processing was strongly associated with working memory and selective attention performance in the SPD individuals. 相似文献
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