Adult age differences in the ability to cope with situations of high arousal in a precision sport

Three field experiments are reported in which skilled miniature golf players varying in age were studied in three types of activities: training, minor competitions, and large competitions. Performance (i.e., number of shots) and arousal (heart rate and subjective ratings of anxiety) measures were registered in all types of activities. The major finding was that the level of performance of older adult players deteriorated in the large competitions, whereas groups of younger adult players, junior players, and youth players performed at the same level in all three events, although all of the groups exhibited a similar increase in arousal from training and minor competitions to large competitions. We suggest that older players may have a deficit in the ability to compensate for the negative effects of nonoptimal levels of arousal because of impairments in a variety of cognitive abilities critical to successful performance.     

Thermographic studies with fluid crystals in peripheral nerve damage

Common peripheral neurogenic lesion in various locations and of different origins were examined thermographically and the results were compared with those obtained by clinical and electromyographic methods. Lesions in the regions of the N. ulnaris and N. medianus can, except in the case of carpal tunnel syndrome, be identified without difficulty by thermography. The results obtained in the case of paresis of the radialis are non-specific, and thermographic examination of radicular lesions are also sometimes ambiguous. Damage in the plexus-brachialis and root region yield impressive results which, however, are not particularly useful.     

Readiness for professional psychotherapy

Statistics dealing with transfers to, and attendance at psychotherapy sessions and with patients' reasons for prematurely terminating such treatment are first analyzed. Causes of unwillingness to accept such treatment despite suffering are then presented. The author concludes that standards of everyday psychology require improvement, that psychotherapy should be accepted as an integral part of basic medical care, and that measures should be taken to make the symptoms indicating the need for such treatment more widely known and to give more realistic expectations of what it can achieve.     

Prostaglandins and endogenous psychoses

The authors refer to the biochemical investigation of the occurrence and metabolism of essential fatty acids in the CNS and to significant differences in results between those obtained in animal experiments and those involving human beings, taking into account hypotheses that have not yet met with general acceptance. Discussed is the possible connection between eicosanic acid and schizophrenia, notably Horrobin's hypothesis of PGE1 deficiency in schizophrenic patients. The probability of a pathogenetic connection between changes in the metabolism of fatty acids and the occurrence of endogenous psychoses is assumed.     

A psychometric evaluation of a residential treatment facility: an illustration of an interpretable research design without a control group

This paper reports on the interim results of an evaluation study which followed a group of disordered-delinquent adolescents discharged from a long-term residential treatment program. Findings from the first cohort of adolescents tested at admission and discharge with the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) indicate statistically significant improvement in all the areas of self-concept, significant decreases in all areas of psychopathology, and no systematic response set at either testing. The research design is unique in that, without a control group, competing interpretations of treatment effectiveness have been ruled out. Using design features, clinical observation, and common sense, four competing explanations of the favorable results have been eliminated. Both the instrument and research design are of interest to those undertaking evaluation research in underfunded settings where control groups are difficult to obtain due to financial or logistical problems.     

Stumpf's cognitive--evaluative theory of emotion.

As a historical contribution to the current cognition-emotion debate in psychology, this article seeks (a) to bring to the readers' attention the largely ignored tradition of cognitive emotion theory within introspective psychology by reviewing what is probably the most clearly formulated cognitive emotion theory of this period, that proposed by Carl Stumpf, and (b) to point out the relevance of Stumpf's contributions to the psychology of emotions for the contemporary cognition-emotion discussion. It is suggested that Stumpf's version of a cognitive-evaluative theory of emotion deserves the serious attention of contemporary investigators and that several of his objections to noncognitive theories of emotion retain their force against modern versions of these theories.