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71.
Benjamin M. Ogles Ph.D. David Carlston Ph.D. Derek Hatfield M.S. Gregorio Melendez Ph.D. Kathy Dowell Ph.D. Scott A. Fields Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(1):114-128
Wraparound approaches are being implemented with children in many mental health systems around the country. Evidence for the effectiveness of the wraparound approach, however, is limited. In addition, the degree to which wraparound interventions adhere to the principles of wraparound has rarely been assessed. We examined the influence of adherence to wraparound principles and outcome feedback within the wraparound approach. Children participating in family team meetings were enrolled in a feedback or no feedback condition. Teams receiving feedback were given a brief report regarding outcome progress four times over a three-month period. In addition, adherence to wraparound principles was assessed in the initial team meeting and examined in relationship to outcome at three months and nine months. Although youth in both feedback and non-feedback groups improved with intervention, there were few differences between the groups based on outcome feedback. Similarly, adherence was uniformly high and did not influence the outcome for individual cases. Although the wraparound approach was helpful for youth in our sample, outcome feedback and adherence to wraparound principles had limited influence on these effects. 相似文献
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74.
Reorganization of equivalence classes: effects of preliminary training and meaningful stimuli
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Erik Arntzen Richard K. Nartey Lanny Fields 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2018,109(3):564-586
In Condition 1, adults learned the baseline relations for the three equivalence classes A1‐B1‐C1‐D1‐E1, A2‐B2‐C2‐D2‐E2, and A3‐B3‐C3‐D3‐E3. Classes contained abstract shapes in the ABS and four preliminary training groups. Each class in the PIC group contained one picture and four abstract shapes. Before class formation for four other groups, preliminary training involved establishing identity (CC) or arbitrary (CX) relations either with or without a delay. Without preliminary training, classes formed with low and high likelihoods in the ABS and PIC groups, respectively. Preliminary training with no delay produced modest increases in class formation, while preliminary training with delay produced large increases in class formation. Condition 2 replicated Condition 1 but with training of reassigned BC and CD relations that linked C from one class to B and D from another class: B1‐C2, B2‐C3, B3‐C1, C2‐D1, C3‐D2, and C1‐D3. Subsequent tests assessed the emergence of the reorganized classes A1‐B1 ‐C2 ‐D1‐E1, A2‐B2‐ C3 ‐D2‐E2, and A3‐B3‐ C1 ‐D3‐E3. All preliminary training procedures increased likelihood of forming the reorganized classes to the level seen in the PIC group. Greater gains were produced by preliminary training with no delays than with delays. Test performances also showed how preliminary training influenced baseline acquisition speed and participant‐defined relations. 相似文献
75.
Joah L. Williams Meghan E. McDevitt-Murphy Jordan A. Fields Frank W. Weathers Amanda M. Flood 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(4):531-539
Posttraumatic stress disorder has been associated with adverse health outcomes. The extent to which the health effects of
PTSD differ from other diagnoses has not been explored empirically. The current study investigated the Multidimensional Health
Profile (including both Psychosocial and Health factors), across three diagnostic groups and one group of well-adjusted participants
(N = 92) in a contrasted-groups design. Participants were all trauma-exposed and were assessed using structured clinical interviews.
The PTSD and depression groups tended to differ from the social phobia and well-adjusted groups. Both the PTSD and depression
groups demonstrated elevated profiles on variables assessing psychological distress, negative social exchange, and hypochondriasis.
Results are consistent with prior research suggesting PTSD is associated with worse psychological and health functioning relative
to trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD, although these health outcomes seem to differ little between those with PTSD and
those with depression. 相似文献
76.
A number of journalists and scholars have pointed to the sexual objectification of women and men in popular media to argue
that Western culture has become “sexualized” or even “pornified.” Yet it is not clear whether men or women have become more
frequently—or more intensely sexualized—over time. In a longitudinal content analysis of images of women and men on more than
four decades of Rolling Stone magazine covers (1967–2009), we begin to answer such questions. Using a unique analytical framework that allows us to measure
both the frequency and intensity of sexualization, we find that sexualized images of men and women have increased, though
women continue to be more frequently sexualized than men. Yet our most striking finding is the change in how women—but not men—are sexualized. Women are increasingly likely to be “hypersexualized,” but men are not. These findings
not only document changes in the sexualization of men and women in popular culture over time, they also point to a narrowing
of the culturally acceptable ways for “doing” femininity as presented in popular media. 相似文献
77.
Fields C 《Cognitive processing》2012,13(3):231-241
Tool-improvisation analogies are structure-mapping inferences implemented, in many species, by event-file binding and pre-motor action planning. These processes act on multi-modal representations of currently perceived situations and eventuate in motor acts that can be directly evaluated for success or failure; they employ implicit representations of force-motion relations encoded by the pre-motor system and do not depend on explicit, language-like representations of relational concepts. A detailed reconstruction of the analogical reasoning steps involved in Rutherford's and Bohr's development of the first quantized-orbit model of atomic structure is used to show that human force-motion analogies can in general be implemented by these mechanisms. This event-file manipulation model of the implementation of force-motion analogies is distinguished from the standard view that structure-mapping analogies require the manipulation of explicit, language-like representations of relational concepts. 相似文献
78.
Werner Nell 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2014,24(1):82-91
This study explored the sources of meaning in life among a group of 243 South African university students, using a sequential exploratory mixed methods design. First, data from semi-structured questionnaires (n=40) were subjected to qualitative content analysis; next, from the emerging themes, a quantitative questionnaire was developed and administered to 203 students. Mean scores were computed and compared across gender and cultural groups. Relationships, especially with family, as well as hope, education, achievement and religion were found to be most important sources of meaning, followed by service, creative self-expression, material possessions, hobbies, health and pets. The qualitative analysis revealed that most of these sources were valued more for their perceived instrumental utility than for their intrinsic qualities. 相似文献
79.
Chris Fields 《Cognitive processing》2013,14(3):217-229
The theory of computation and category theory both employ arrow-based notations that suggest that the basic metaphor “state changes are like motions” plays a fundamental role in all mathematical reasoning involving formal manipulations. If this is correct, structure-mapping inferences implemented by the pre-motor action planning system can be expected to be involved in solving any mathematics problems not solvable by table lookups and number line manipulations alone. Available functional imaging studies of multi-digit arithmetic, algebra, geometry and calculus problem solving are consistent with this expectation. 相似文献
80.
Nell Sistrunk Schwartz D. Louise Mebane H. Newton Malony 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(3-4):671-683
This study examined two modes of administering the Rorschach Inkblot Technique to determine which was more appropriate for a college-educated, deaf population. Twenty-four prelingually deaf adults took the Rorschach in sign language and in written English, using a counterbalanced test-retest design, and their sign and written scores were compared to each other and to 1986 norms for Exner's Comprehensive System. Seventeen variables measuring such areas as perceptual accuracy, perceptual complexity, and self-focus were found to vary more than one standard deviation from Exner's norms. Differences between sign and written conditions on several affective variables were found. Written administration can be used by examiners who are informed about deafness and aware of variables that may be underreported by written inquiry. 相似文献