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981.
982.
Students with developmental disabilities may not have the necessary skills or the same opportunities to access multimedia-based leisure materials as their typical peers. Portable multimedia devices such as the iPod Touch® may provide them with a useful tool for accessing age-appropriate leisure material. The present study examined the feasibility of teaching 3 students with developmental disabilities to independently operate an iPod to watch age-appropriate entertainment videos. A delayed multiple-probe design across participants was implemented with baseline, intervention, fading, and follow-up phases. Video modeling and least-to-most response prompting were successfully used to teach these 3 students to operate an iPod Touch® to watch preferred videos without adult assistance. The results complement previous findings supporting the use of video modeling as an instructional strategy and add to the literature by using portable multimedia devices as assistive technology for teaching an age-appropriate leisure skill. 相似文献
983.
984.
Smallwood J Schooler JW Turk DJ Cunningham SJ Burns P Macrae CN 《Consciousness and cognition》2011,20(4):1120-1126
Current accounts suggest that self-referential thought serves a pivotal function in the human ability to simulate the future during mind-wandering. Using experience sampling, this hypothesis was tested in two studies that explored the extent to which self-reflection impacts both retrospection and prospection during mind-wandering. Study 1 demonstrated that a brief period of self-reflection yielded a prospective bias during mind-wandering such that participants’ engaged more frequently in spontaneous future than past thought. In Study 2, individual differences in the strength of self-referential thought — as indexed by the memorial advantage for self rather than other-encoded items — was shown to vary with future thinking during mind-wandering. Together these results confirm that self-reflection is a core component of future thinking during mind-wandering and provide novel evidence that a key function of the autobiographical memory system may be to mentally simulate events in the future. 相似文献
985.
Nicolas?FavezEmail author Chloé?Lavanchy?Scaiola Hervé?Tissot Jo?lle?Darwiche France?Frascarolo 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(1):23-37
We present the first steps in the validation of an observational tool for father-mother-infant interactions: the FAAS (Family
Alliance Assessment Scales). Family-level variables are acknowledged as unique contributors to the understanding of the socio-affective
development of the child, yet producing reliable assessments of family-level interactions poses a methodological challenge.
There is, therefore, a clear need for a validated and clinically relevant tool. This validation study has been carried out
on three samples: one non-referred sample, of families taking part in a study on the transition to parenthood (normative sample;
n = 30), one referred for medically assisted procreation (infertility sample; n = 30) and one referred for a psychiatric condition in one parent (clinical sample; n = 15). Results show that the FAAS scales have (1) good inter-rater reliability and (2) good validity, as assessed through
known-group validity by comparing the three samples and through concurrent validity by checking family interactions against
parents’ self-reported marital satisfaction. 相似文献
986.
Parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often experience stressors associated with caring for their child.
These stressors can cause considerable distress for families, which at times can develop into full blown crisis, and it is
important that professionals be able to quickly identify when families are approaching or are in crisis to respond appropriately.
The current study presents an initial attempt at measuring the subjective experience of crisis in 164 caregivers of people
with ASD through a single item instrument, the Brief Family Distress Scale. The BFDS was negatively correlated with helpful
coping mechanisms (family hardiness, and parent empowerment), and positive adjustment (caregiver quality of life and positive
parenting experiences), and positively correlated with known stressors (severity of aggressive behavior, negative life events)
and problematic coping and outcomes (caregiver burden, worry, mental health problems). As expected, caregivers at Marked levels
of distress (approaching or in crisis) were significantly different from caregivers at lower levels of distress in nearly
all of the dependent variables. Having a quick way of measuring where families are in terms of distress and crisis can be
helpful for researchers and clinicians alike. 相似文献
987.
This study aims to reveal correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among the Turkish caregivers of leukemic children (n?=?100). The effects of demographic variables, satisfaction of the basic needs, performance on daily activities, and coping strategies on outcome variables were investigated by hierarchical regression. Accordingly, older age, lower reported income, higher number of other children to be looked after, lower levels of satisfaction of basic needs, and more use of emotion focused coping were associated with higher levels of both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, caregivers with lower education reported more depressive symptoms, and higher performance on daily activities predicted more anxiety symptoms. 相似文献
988.
Ackroyd K Fortune DG Price S Howell S Sharrack B Isaac CL 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):372-379
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their partners show adversarial
growth and to examine which psychological and disability variables contribute to this in patients and their partners. The
study also investigated the relationship between growth and distress. Seventy-two patients with MS and their partners provided
demographic information and completed measures of posttraumatic growth, illness perceptions, depression, cognitive function
and disability. Both patients and partners showed adversarial growth, with patients reporting significantly higher growth
than partners. The only significant predictor for patient growth was partner growth, and vice versa. Dissimilarity in illness
representations between patients and their partners on the consequences of MS dimension, patient mood and patient growth accounted
for significant variance in partner growth. The findings support the idea of a ‘communal search for meaning’ where patients
and their partners experience the trauma of having a chronic illness and subsequently find positive aspects together. 相似文献
989.
990.
The influence of pre-experimental autobiographical knowledge on recognition memory was investigated using as memoranda faces that were either personally known or unknown to the participant. Under a dual process theory, such knowledge boosted both recollection- and familiarity-based recognition judgements. Under an unequal variance signal detection model, pre-experimental knowledge increased both the variance and the separation of the target and foil memory strength distributions, boosting hits and correct rejections. Thus, pre-experimental knowledge has profound effects on the multiple, interacting processes that subserve recognition memory, and likely in the neural systems that underpin them. 相似文献