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891.
Today historiography (the writing of stories) presented as nothing but a search for truth merits the charge of naiveté. Since Freud we must understand any story told about life as a rationalization, that is, as a strategy of conducting one's life. The author argues the proposition that historiography can only fulfill its function of giving sense to life if it simultaneously admits its deconstruction, its counter-sense. 相似文献
892.
893.
Heikki Ik?heimo 《Res Publica》2012,18(1):11-24
This article begins by tracing two issues to be kept in mind in discussing the theme of love as far back as Aristotle: on
the one hand the polysemy of the term philia in Aristotle, and on the other hand the fact that there is a focal or core meaning of philia that provides order to that polysemy. Secondly, it is briefly suggested that the same issues are, mutatis mutandis, central for understanding the discussion of love or Liebe by Hegel, the central classic reference in debates on recognition. Thirdly, by pointing out a certain ambiguity in Harry
Frankfurt’s recent work on love, the article focuses more closely on the thought that love in the simple sense which Aristotle
had pinpointed as the focal meaning of philia, which is arguably at the core of Hegel’s discussion of Liebe, and which still forms at least one of the core senses of the term, is a ‘personifying’ attitude of recognition. Finally,
drawing on the above points the article addresses the question whether love as a form of recognition is restricted to intimate
relations such as those between family-members, ‘lovers’, close friends and so on, or whether it has applications in interhuman
relations more broadly. The answer to this question, it is suggested, is essential for the viability of ethically substantial
notions of solidarity beyond circles of close acquaintances, whether within the civil society, across nations, or towards
future generations. 相似文献
894.
Neil Campbell 《Erkenntnis》2012,76(1):137-145
Yujin Nagasawa has recently defended Frank Jackson’s knowledge argument from the “inconsistency objection.” The objection
claims that the premises of the knowledge argument are inconsistent with qualia epiphenomenalism. Nagasawa defends Jackson
by showing that the objection mistakenly assumes a causal theory of phenomenal knowledge. I argue that although this defense
might succeed against two versions of the inconsistency objection, mine is unaffected by Nagasawa’s argument, in which case
the inconsistency in the knowledge argument remains. 相似文献
895.
Artefacts are often regarded as being mere things that possess only instrumental value. In contrast, living entities (or some
subset of them) are often regarded as possessing some form of intrinsic (or non-instrumental) value. Moreover, in some cases
they are thought to possess such value precisely because they are natural (i.e., non-artefactual). However, living artefacts
are certainly possible, and they may soon be actual. It is therefore necessary to consider whether such entities should be
regarded as mere things (like most non-living artefacts) or as possessing intrinsic value (like many, if not all) living entities.
That is, it is necessary to determine whether artefactualness is a value-relevant property with respect to the intrinsic value
of living things. 相似文献
896.
897.
898.
Participants were asked to recall the names when shown photographs of faces in both a semantic task (Experiment 1) and an episodic task (Experiments 2 and 3). When recall failed, feeling of knowing (FOK) ratings were solicited. In addition, participants reported on the strategies that they used to make their ratings, whether they could recall other pieces of information (the target-accessibility strategy, e.g., Koriat, A. (1993). How do we know that? The accessibility model of the feeling of knowing. Psychological Review, 100, 609–639) or whether the faces simply looked familiar (the cue-familiarity strategy, e.g., Schwartz, B. L., & Metcalfe, J. (1992). Cue familiarity but not target accessibility enhances feeling of knowing ratings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 1074–1083). In all experiments, FOK ratings were fairly accurate in that participants were successful in predicting their performance on a subsequent recognition test. More importantly, participants reported using the cue-familiarity strategy more often, although they gave higher FOK ratings when they reported using the target-accessibility strategy. The FOK ratings that were given using the two strategies were equally accurate. 相似文献
899.
Mental health has long been defined as the absence of psychopathologies, such as depression and anxiety. The absence of mental
illness, however, is a minimal outcome from a psychological perspective on lifespan development. This article therefore focuses
on mental illness as well as on three core components of positive mental health: feelings of happiness and satisfaction with
life (emotional well-being), positive individual functioning in terms of self-realization (psychological well-being), and
positive societal functioning in terms of being of social value (social well-being). The two continua model holds that mental
illness and mental health are related but distinct dimensions. This model was studied on the basis of a cross-sectional representative
internet survey of Dutch adults (N = 1,340; 18–87 years). Mental illness was measured with the Brief Symptom Inventory and mental health with the Mental Health
Continuum Short Form. It was found that older adults, except for the oldest-old, scored lower on psychopathological symptoms
and were less likely to be mentally ill than younger adults. Although there were fewer age differences for mental health,
older adults experienced more emotional, similar social and slightly lower psychological well-being. In sum, today’s older
adults have fewer mental illness problems, but they are not in a better positive mental health than today’s younger adults.
These findings support the validity of the two continua model in adult development. 相似文献
900.
Cheri?A.?Levinson Thomas?L.?RodebaughEmail author Tiffany?Frye 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(1):87-100
The Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System Scales (BIS/BAS scales) are the most widely used measures
designed to assess Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. However, questions remain regarding its factor, convergent, and
discriminant validity. We assessed these properties in two samples of undergraduates (N = 723, N = 103). In Study 1, confirmatory factor analysis supported previous findings that suggested removal of several items, resulting
in acceptable fit for a four-factor model. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed for the original and revised
scales. In Study 2, a public speaking task was used to assess validity of the scales in reference to positive/negative affect.
Convergent and discriminant validity for the revised scales were not substantially different from the original scales. We
suggest that future researchers should consider the use of the revised measure we describe. We also suggest that the creation
of a revised BIS/BAS scale using new items may be warranted. 相似文献