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991.
Melissa?StormontEmail author Wendy?Reinke Keith?Herman 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2011,20(2):138-147
School professionals need to be prepared to support children with emotional and behavioral problems. Teachers in particular
should be aware of the resources provided by their school as well as the evidence-based practices available to support children
with behavioral problems. This study explored general education teachers’ knowledge of 10 evidence-based interventions as
well as resources and data collected at their schools to support children with mental health problems. Participants included
239 general educators from 5 school districts. Overall, most teachers had not heard of 9 out of 10 of the evidence-based programs
presented. Teachers were also not sure whether their schools provided specific assessments and interventions to support children.
One particularly noteworthy finding was that 57% of teachers were not sure whether their schools provided functional behavioral
assessment and intervention planning. Findings illuminate a need for continued work in this area. 相似文献
992.
Recent interventions have focused upon play dates as a means to improve friendships. However, no measures have been published
which quantify play date quality. An important characteristic of play dates in this regard may be the amount of conflict.
We present the development of such a measure. We compare maternal reports of play dates for 112 community subjects with 48
subjects referred for peer problems (mean age = 8.7 years). We found that clinic–referred subjects had significantly fewer
hosted and invited play dates than the community subjects. The mean conflict on play dates was significantly lower for the
community subjects than for the clinic-referred subjects. We obtained significant correlations between conflict on play dates
and measures of problem behaviors. Our results support the position that conflict on play dates is an important area to target
in social skills training programs. The scale may prove useful to clinicians and researchers by facilitating screening and
assessing interventions directed towards improving play dates. 相似文献
993.
This paper examines the similarities and differences between emotion regulation and stress coping and reviews research that
suggests that the association between emotion regulation and stress may be explained by the common neural structures. Developmental
changes related to emotion regulation and stress are also discussed. Overall, the research suggests that individuals vary
in their ability to regulate emotions and cope with stress, and these abilities may differ across age. Little is known, however,
about the factors that influence individual differences in emotion regulation and stress coping. We suggest that behavioral
genetic designs may be an important avenue for future research. Such research would indicate the extent to which variation
in emotion regulation and stress are due to genetic and/or environmental influences and further the extent to which common
genetic and/or environmental factors explain the links between emotion regulation and stress. 相似文献
994.
Goodie JL Williams PM Kurzweil D Marcellas KB 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):353-360
Medical school curricula often provide insufficient time and instruction for health behavior change counseling. We examined
the feasibility of blending classroom and distributed learning experiences to teach medical students how to initiate health
behavior change counseling and analyzed the impact of this approach on their attitudes, knowledge, and skills. Usage patterns
and pre- to post-class attitude and knowledge changes were assessed with self-report questions among 153 third year family
medicine clerkship students. Most students viewed at least 90% of the online written content and took an average of 41 min
(SD = 24 min 35 s) to view all of the content. Students’ confidence in their ability to help patients change unhealthy behaviors
significantly improved (p < .01). The blended learning curriculum facilitated learning of behavior change skills, encouraged interaction with course
materials, and improved medical students’ self confidence for using health behavior change skills. 相似文献
995.
Possemato K 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(3):268-280
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is common among primary care patients and is associated with significant functional impairment,
physical health concerns, and mental health comorbidities. Significant barriers to receiving adequate treatment often exist
for primary care patients with PTSD. Mental health professionals operating as part of the primary care team have the potential
to provide effective brief intervention services. While good PTSD screening and assessment measures are available for the
primary care setting, there are currently no empirically supported primary care-based brief interventions for PTSD. This article
reviews early research on the development and testing of primary care-based PTSD treatments and also reviews other brief PTSD
interventions (i.e., telehealth and early intervention) that could be adapted to the primary care setting. Cognitive and behavioral
therapies currently have the strongest evidence base for establishing an empirically supported brief intervention for PTSD
in primary care. Recommendations are made for future research and clinical practice. 相似文献
996.
A wide range of demographic, medical, and personality and coping variables have been implicated as predictors of psychosocial
outcomes following the onset of spinal cord injuries (SCI). The primary purpose of this study was to examine the role that
perceptions of health control (internality, chance-determined, and other persons-determined) and coping strategies play in
predicting respondents’ negative affect, namely, reactions of depression and anxiety [i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD)], as outcomes of psychosocial adaptation to disability. A second purpose was to investigate the potential role that
time since injury (TSI) plays in moderating the influence of coping on psychosocial outcomes related to SCI. Ninety five survivors
of SCI participated in the study by completing a battery of self-report measures. Two sets of multiple regression analyses
were employed to address the study’s goals. Findings indicated that after controlling the influence of gender, age, time since
injury, and number of prior life traumas: (a) the use of disengagement coping successfully predicted both respondents’ levels
of depression and PTSD; (b) none of the perceptions of control of one’s health significantly influenced psychosocial reactions
to SCI, as indicated by depression and PTSD, although perceptions of chance control showed a moderate positive trend; and
(c) time since injury did not moderate the relationships between coping and negative affect related to the onset of SCI. The
implications of these findings to rehabilitation professionals are discussed. 相似文献
997.
Goodman SH Rouse MH Connell AM Broth MR Hall CM Heyward D 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2011,14(1):1-27
Although the association between maternal depression and adverse child outcomes is well established, the strength of the association,
the breadth or specificity of the outcomes, and the role of moderators are not known. This information is essential to inform
not only models of risk but also the design of preventive interventions by helping to identify subgroups at greater risk than
others and to elucidate potential mechanisms as targets of interventions. A meta-analysis of 193 studies was conducted to
examine the strength of the association between mothers’ depression and children’s behavioral problems or emotional functioning.
Maternal depression was significantly related to higher levels of internalizing, externalizing, and general psychopathology
and negative affect/behavior and to lower levels of positive affect/behavior, with all associations small in magnitude. These
associations were significantly moderated by theoretically and methodologically relevant variables, with patterns of moderation
found to vary somewhat with each child outcome. Results are interpreted in terms of implications for theoretical models that
move beyond main effects models in order to more accurately identify which children of depressed mothers are more or less
at risk for specific outcomes. 相似文献
998.
Contemporary process metaphysics has achieved a number of important results, most significantly in accounting for emergence,
a problem on which substance metaphysics has foundered since Plato. It also faces trenchant problems of its own, among them
the related problems of boundaries and individuation. Historically, the quest for ontology may thus have been largely responsible
for the persistence of substance metaphysics. But as Plato was well aware, an ontology of substantial things raises serious,
perhaps insurmountable problems for any account of our epistemic access to such things. Physical things are subject to change,
and as such, they are poor objects of knowledge—if knowledge is to be more reliable than mere opinion. There is a reading
of Plato’s Theaetetus on which knowledge may be understood as a relation between an epistemic subject and a logos, where logoi
are intrinsically dialectical, and where dialectic is a kind of intersubjective activity. Insofar as this epistemology may
be attributed to Plato, the project of this paper is Platonic in spirit. It is also, in a sense, Kantian, in that it divorces
ontology from the search for things-in-themselves, redirecting our attention from things to objects: epistemic objects. Such
objects can be understood, as Maurice Merleau-Ponty proposed, as shared by multiple subjects by virtue of their participation
in an intersubjective world, constituted by what Shaun Gallagher calls “participatory sense-making.” On an epistemology constructed
in this way, the fact that both epistemic objects and their subject are mutable is no obstacle to knowledge. Far-from-equilibrium
systems are forever mutable; at thermodynamic equilibrium, there would be neither subject, nor object. Epistemic objects,
on this picture, are metastable loci of interactive potential. 相似文献
999.
Sherr L Nagra N Kulubya G Catalan J Clucas C Harding R 《Psychology, health & medicine》2011,16(5):612-629
The phenomenon of post-traumatic stress has been well documented in the literature as a lasting mental health condition associated with exposure to traumatic life events. The diagnosis and experience of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease may be such a trauma. On the other hand, the phenomenon of post-traumatic growth (PTG) has been described, whereby people show positive mental health growth in the face of such trauma. This systematic review was set out to explore post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTG in people with HIV to monitor prevalence, measurement and efficacy of interventions to reduce stress and/or promote growth. Standardised review techniques were used to track reports on both PTSD and PTG. A total of 206 papers were retrieved from the PTSD and HIV searches, and 13 from the PTG and HIV searches. After reviewing the papers for inclusion according to adequacy and relevance criteria and to remove duplicates, 33 PTSD papers and three PTG were available for full coding. Prevalence of PTSD in HIV ranged from 5% to 74%, which were much greater than the 7-10% in the general population. Seven studies showed a relation between trauma and PTSD, while six showed a link between PTSD diagnosis and reduced antiretroviral treatment adherence. Women were more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD. Only three intervention reports were identified that fitted our inclusion criteria. All of these reported on psychological interventions for HIV+?individuals with trauma. The interventions utilised HIV education, training in coping techniques and support groups. Only coping interventions were shown to be effective. PTG was under researched but showed a promising avenue of study. There needs to be harmonised measurement and the evidence base would need strengthening in order to build on the understanding of the impact of PTSD and PTG over the course of HIV disease. There is good evidence to associate HIV diagnosis and experiences during the course of illness as traumatic. PTSD has been shown to be prevalent and there seems to be good evidence to incorporate standardised measures to track the course of the disorder. There is extremely limited evidence that interventions may affect the course of symptom experience. The evidence and insight into PTG show promise but is currently inadequate. 相似文献
1000.
One purpose of the present study was to develop and test the factor structure of a multidimensional and hierarchical Norwegian
Principal Self-Efficacy Scale (NPSES). Another purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between principal
self-efficacy and work engagement. Principal self-efficacy was measured by the 22-item NPSES. Work engagement was measured
by a modified version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). The participants in the study were 300 principals randomly
drawn from the population of Norwegian principals. Data were collected by means of an electronic questionnaire. Both the NPSES
and the UWES were investigated through confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) before two structural equation models were tested.
Both models specified principal self-efficacy as an exogenous variable and work engagement as an endogenous variable. The
data were analyzed by means of a SEM analysis for latent variables using the AMOS 18 program. Three different models of NPSES
were tested. Both a first- and second-order CFA confirmed that principal self-efficacy constitutes eight dimensions. Furthermore,
both structural models had an acceptable fit to data and revealed that principal self-efficacy was positively related to work
engagement. The results of the study are discussed together with limitations and suggestions for further research. 相似文献