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211.
212.
Gordon Pennycook James Allan Cheyne Nathaniel Barr Derek J. Koehler Jonathan A. Fugelsang 《Memory & cognition》2014,42(1):1-10
Recent research has indicated a negative relation between the propensity for analytic reasoning and religious beliefs and practices. Here, we propose conflict detection as a mechanism underlying this relation, on the basis of the hypothesis that more-analytic people are less religious, in part, because they are more sensitive to conflicts between immaterial religious beliefs and beliefs about the material world. To examine cognitive conflict sensitivity, we presented problems containing stereotypes that conflicted with base-rate probabilities in a task with no religious content. In three studies, we found evidence that religiosity is negatively related to conflict detection during reasoning. Independent measures of analytic cognitive style also positively predicted conflict detection. The present findings provide evidence for a mechanism potentially contributing to the negative association between analytic thinking and religiosity, and more generally, they illustrate the insights to be gained from integrating individual-difference factors and contextual factors to investigate analytic reasoning. 相似文献
213.
Aviles-Rosa Edgar O. Fernandez Lauren S. Collins-Pisano Courtney Prada-Tiedemann Paola A. Hall Nathaniel J. 《Animal cognition》2022,25(6):1609-1620
Animal Cognition - Odor generalization is essential for detection dogs. Regardless of its importance, limited research is available on detection dog odor generalization. The objectives of this... 相似文献
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215.
This study explored relationships between alexithymia (measured through the Toronto Alexithymia Scale), probable neurological
dysfunction (Stroop Color Word Test), and “Verbal” and “Abstraction” IQ scores (Hartford-Shipley Institute for Living Scale)
in relation to risk-taking behavior. Subjects were “anti-social” risk-takers (criminal offenders undergoing court-related
residential drug treatment), “adventurous” risktakers (college students who regularly engage in such sports as rock-climbing
and spelunking), or “normals” (college students who were neither adventurous risk-takers nor criminal offenders). Principal
findings reveal that clinically relevant alexithymia is observed among risk-takers of either anti-social or adventurous variety
less frequently, but among “normals” more frequently, than chance would predict; that the “verbal deficit pattern” in intellectual
functioning is observed more frequently among adventurous risk-takers, less frequently among “normals,” and no more frequently
among anti-social risk-takers than chance would predict; and that probable neurological dysfunction is observed more frequently
among anti-social risk-takers but less frequently among adventurous risk-takers or “normals” than chance would predict. Results
support only in part the Pallone-Hennessy (1999) conceptual model of the genesis and correlates of risk-taking in respect
of anti-social, but not in respect of adventurous risk-takers.
This study was supported by grants from the Henry Rutgers Scholars Program, Rutgers College, and the Fund for Correctional
Psychology, Center of Alcohol Studies. Deep gratitude is expressed to Eric Workowski, Charles Rouse, and Joni Lepore for their
invaluable assistance. 相似文献
216.
Kimber L. Price Michael E. Saladin Nathaniel L. Baker Stacia M. DeSantis Kathleen T. Brady 《Behaviour research and therapy》2010,48(9):860-72
Conditioned responses to drug-related environmental cues (such as craving) play a critical role in relapse to drug use. Animal models demonstrate that repeated exposure to drug-associated cues in the absence of drug administration leads to the extinction of conditioned responses, but the few existing clinical trials focused on extinction of conditioned responses to drug-related cues in drug-dependent individuals show equivocal results. The current study examined drug-related cue reactivity and response extinction in a laboratory setting in methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Methamphetamine cue-elicited craving was extinguished during two sessions of repeated (3) within-session exposures to multi-modal (picture, video, and in-vivo) cues, with no evidence of spontaneous recovery between sessions. A trend was noted for a greater attenuation of response in participants with longer (4-7 day) inter-session intervals. These results indicate that extinction of drug cue conditioned responding occurs in methamphetamine-dependent individuals, offering promise for the development of extinction- based treatment strategies. 相似文献
217.
This paper brings some data to bear on the criticisms, claims, and arguments that Skinner (a) denied or dismissed biological participation in behavior, (b) addressed it only late in his career or more often later than earlier, or (c) addressed it only because of the overwhelming evidence for it or the criticisms that he had overlooked it. For this, we coded Skinner's every primary-source publication for three content categories (i.e., genetics, physiology, and evolution) and for the extent to which he addressed them (i.e., in publication titles, substantively, or in passing). Our findings are that Skinner addressed biological participation in over a third of his publications throughout his career, albeit more often later than earlier. The latter, however, is accounted for by an increase in his base rate of publication and in general conditions and specific events in his career, psychology, and science. The discussion addresses our research methods; the reasons for and refutations of the criticisms, claims, and arguments; and their sources. 相似文献
218.
Nathaniel N. Ivers David A. Johnson Philip B. Clarke Deborah W. Newsome Rachel A. Berry 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2016,94(1):72-82
The authors examined the association between multicultural counseling competence (MCC) and mindfulness. Previous authors have maintained a conceptual link between MCC and mindfulness; however, this is the first empirical analysis of the relationship between MCC and mindfulness. Results revealed that, after race/ethnicity, multicultural course completion, and empathy were controlled, components of mindfulness were correlated with multicultural awareness and multicultural knowledge. These results have implications for counselor education, counseling practice, and future research. 相似文献
219.
Nathaniel Sutanto 《International Journal of Systematic Theology》2016,18(2):174-190
The organic motif is Bavinck's preferred means to communicate creation's triune shape. An archetypal unity‐in‐diversity in the Godhead implies that creation displays an ectypal unity‐in‐diversity. This article argues that Bavinck's organic ontology provides him with a theological rationale for a doctrine of original sin in which the covenant headship of Adam reflects the organic character of humanity in unity and diversity. Thus, the transmission of original guilt on account of Adam's trespass is not a mere special ordinance by an inscrutable divine will, but an expression of humanity's organic shape. The article concludes by drawing some implications of Bavinck's construction for current discussion concerning original sin. 相似文献
220.
Nathaniel Delaney-Busch Gianna Wilkie Gina Kuperberg 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2016,16(3):415-432
In this study, we used event-related potentials to examine how different dimensions of emotion—valence and arousal—influence different stages of word processing under different task demands. In two experiments, two groups of participants viewed the same single emotional and neutral words while carrying out different tasks. In both experiments, valence (pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral) was fully crossed with arousal (high and low). We found that the task made a substantial contribution to how valence and arousal modulated the late positive complex (LPC), which is thought to reflect sustained evaluative processing (particularly of emotional stimuli). When participants performed a semantic categorization task in which emotion was not directly relevant to task performance, the LPC showed a larger amplitude for high-arousal than for low-arousal words, but no effect of valence. In contrast, when participants performed an overt valence categorization task, the LPC showed a large effect of valence (with unpleasant words eliciting the largest positivity), but no effect of arousal. These data show not only that valence and arousal act independently to influence word processing, but that their relative contributions to prolonged evaluative neural processes are strongly influenced by the situational demands (and by individual differences, as revealed in a subsequent analysis of subjective judgments). 相似文献