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161.
Nathaniel S. Lehrman 《American journal of psychoanalysis》1982,42(2):121-131
A method has been described to modify psychotherapy attitudinally and technically so that it is helpful with chronic psychotics--patients in a state hospital aftercare clinic. The method usually enables medications to be reduced and sometimes to be discontinued altogether. Two cases have been presented to demonstrate how the various new elements of the treatment method relate to each other, and to the rehabilitative services most chronic psychotics need. 相似文献
162.
Nathaniel N. Ivers David A. Johnson Jennifer L. Rogers 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2021,99(1):11-23
The mental health research literature on implicit bias is limited (Boysen, 2009), and little is known about how factors that are associated with self‐perceived multicultural counseling awareness, such as mindfulness, relate to implicit racial bias in practicing mental health professionals. Using a correlational research design, we examined the association between mental health practitioners' implicit bias, self‐perceived multicultural counseling competence, facets of dispositional mindfulness, and mindfulness practices. A total of 137 mental health professionals completed an online questionnaire. Results revealed a negative relationship between the observing component of dispositional mindfulness and the implicit racial preference associating White and “good” words. In addition, results indicated that the frequency of engaging in mindfulness practices negatively predicted implicit racial preference associating White and good. Implications for counselor training, practice, and future research are discussed. 相似文献
163.
Eyes on the Prize? Evidence of Diminishing Attention to Experienced and Foregone Outcomes in Repeated Experiential Choice 下载免费PDF全文
Recently, there has been increased interest in decisions‐from‐experience (where decision makers learn from observing the outcomes of previous choices), which provide valuable insights into the learning and preference construction processes underlying many daily decisions. Several process models have been developed to capture these processes, and while such models often fit the data well, many assume that the decision maker is a vigilant observer, processing each outcome. In two studies, we provide a critical test of this assumption using eye tracking to record directed visual attention when participants choose repeatedly among two options, each time being shown the outcome for their chosen option and for the foregone option. Consistently, we find that the vigilance assumption is not supported, with decision makers often not attending to outcome information. Moreover, (in)attention to outcomes is predictable, with vigilance decreasing as more choices are made, and being greater for obtained than for foregone outcomes, and when options deliver only gains as opposed to losses or a mixture of gains and losses. Furthermore, we find that this variation in attentional allocation plays a central role in the apparent indecisiveness (inconsistency) in choice, with increased attention to foregone outcomes predicting switches to that option on the next choice. Together, these findings highlight the value of eye tracking in investigations of decisions‐from‐experience, providing novel insight into the cognitive processes underlying them. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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166.
Abstract Concurrent and 2-year longitudinal relations were investigated between two indicators of children's ( n =60; mean age = years 11 months) executive function, inhibitory control and sequencing ability, and behavior problem symptomatology. Dependent measures were parent and teacher reported internalizing and externalizing behavior. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated few significant concurrent associations between either inhibitory control or sequencing ability, and behavior problem symptoms. In contrast, baseline inhibitory control predicted decreased teacher reported externalizing, and parent reported externalizing and internalizing behavior problems over a 2-year period. Baseline sequencing ability also predicted decreased teacher reported externalizing and parent reported internalizing behavior over this same time period. Results suggest that some aspects of executive function in early elementary grade-school children may be more strongly associated with change in behavior over time than concurrent behavior. Implications of these findings for the prevention of behavior problems are discussed. 相似文献
167.
This study is a laboratory analogue investigation of variables that impinge upon the recall of detail about a simulated act
of armed robbery among “eyewitnesses.” Specifically, this study sought to determine (1) whether recall of detail by Ss who
watch the videotape of a simulated “armed robbery” taken by surveillance camera in a “convenience” store varies according
to (a) the dress and appearance of the presumed “robber,” (b) the gender of the victim of the “robbery,” and/or (c) the gender
of the “eyewitness”; and (2) whether such recall varies according to S’s inventoried psychological “needs.” Ss viewed the
videotape of the simulated robbery under one of four conditions representing variations in the dress and appearance (“status”)
of the alleged offender and the gender of the alleged victim; completed the Personality Adjective Inventory; and responded
to a questionnaire concerning details of the alleged offense. Results indicate that the single statistically significant source
of variance in accuracy of recall of detail is the experimentally manipulated “status” of the perpetrator; gender of victim
and of subject contribute significantly neither in isolation nor in interaction. Inventoried psychological needs for “autonomy”
and “change” are significantly but negatively and weakly correlated with accuracy among women Ss, while “change” alone is
so correlated among men Ss. Findings are interpreted in accordance with theory and research in experimental social psychology
and psychological criminology bearing upon person perception and role expectancy in relation to behavioral stereotypes.
This study was supported in part through the Henry Rutgers Scholars Program at Rutgers College of Rutgers-The State University
of New Jersey. The authors express their gratitude to Charles Rouse, Steven Gaynor, April Hayes, Erica Gross, Shawn Kimble,
Elizabeth Chen, and Stephanie Bonn; Officer Leroy Washington, Rutgers University Police; and most particularly to Dipak Munsaf,
proprietor of Krauszer's Food Store in the sixth ward of the city of New Brunswick. 相似文献
168.
Gabriella Ponzini Nathaniel Van Kirk Meghan Schreck Jacob A. Nota Casey A. Schofield Christina Gironda Jason Elias 《Behavior Therapy》2019,50(2):300-313
Understanding the role of patient motivation in OCD treatment is of clinical importance given the requisite autonomous role of patients in Exposure and Response Prevention. The present study investigated state- and trait-like relations between three variables: two previously established motivational constructs, readiness to change (RTC) and committed action (CA), derived from the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment, and OCD symptom severity as measured by the self-report Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS-SR). Utilizing a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) design, we assessed autoregressive, within-time correlations, and cross-lagged effects of RTC, CA, and Y-BOCS-SR scores at admission, month 1 of treatment, and discharge from an intensive/residential treatment program for OCD. Results revealed significant autoregressive (i.e., state-like) effects for CA and Y-BOCS-SR, negative within-time correlations between state CA and Y-BOCS-SR across all time points, a positive within-time correlation between state CA and RTC at admission, and a cross-lagged effect between state Y-BOCS-SR at month 1 of treatment and state RTC at discharge. Results also demonstrated that the stability of the RTC variable was attributable to trait-like factors in the present sample. This study is novel in its use of RI-CLPM in an OCD sample and represents an important addition to the literature on the longitudinal impacts of dynamic constructs of motivation. Our findings may provide future researchers with strategies to supplement ERP with CA-driven motivational interviewing. 相似文献
169.
Philosophical Studies - What is required for an action to promote the satisfaction of a desire? We reject extant answers and propose an alternative. Our account differs from competing answers in... 相似文献
170.
Amy J. Dray Nathaniel J. S. Brown Ronli Diakow Yongsang Lee Mark R. Wilson 《Reading Psychology》2019,40(2):191-241
This article describes the development of an assessment system for adolescent reading comprehension. It presents a research context—a reading intervention implemented in middle and high schools in an urban district—which became the impetus for the work. The article outlines the organizational principles of construct modeling that guided the design of the measures and describes the theory and research on adolescent reading that formed the basis of the work. It outlines the technical aspects of the measurement system and the methodology used to analyze internal and external validity. The curriculum-embedded assessment profiled in this study informs teachers about student learning. It also grounds assessment in cognitive and learning theory, thereby linking the assessments to broader content standards and current research and policy. By aligning what is taught with what is assessed, the article adds to a growing body of work that calls for increased integration between reading intervention and assessment teams. 相似文献