On the basis largely of interview data, this article outlines a working model for a process psychology paradigm for the heroic
rescue fantasy and contrasts a prototypi-cal sequence therefore with corresponding sequences in antisocial, asocial, and prosocial
risk-taking. It proposes that the heroic rescue fantasy emerges from the interplay between (a) neurologic anomaly affecting
realistic assessment of costs, risks, and benefits associated with behavior of various sorts, (b) perpetuating as impulsivity
expressed as persistent underestimation of costs and risks and perhaps supported by a condition of alexithymia or verbal deficit
in cognitive functioning, interacting with (c) a persistent need for self-aggrandizement likely born of psychosocial developmental
experiences, leading to (d) sensitization to interpersonal environments that provide role models for and positively reinforce
prosocial risk-taking behavior, yielding to (e) the manipulative creation of an opportunity to behave in such fashion as to
engender risk to others and to the self, and eventuating (f) in the enactment of a heroic rescue that prevents harm to others
and thus elicits praise, admiration, adulation, and possibly formal reward. The conjunction between impulsivity expressing
itself in the underesti-mation of costs (neurogenic or not) and need for self-aggrandizement is proposed as necessary in the
heroic rescue fantasy, the manipulative creation of an opportunity to behave that engenders risk to others and to the self
is proposed as the defining behavior, and a rescue that prevents harm to others is proposed as the defining crite-rion. 相似文献
ABSTRACTStudents’ worries about transitioning to college are correlated with long-term reduced psychological well-being, so we investigated how psychological need satisfaction might mitigate millennials’ worries about college. As parents can support or undermine their children’s basic needs, we also examined the influence of autonomy-supportive and helicopter parenting during the transition. Additionally, we compared these outcomes between first- and continuing-generation students. Incoming college students (N = 355) completed measures of parental relationship need satisfaction, parental involvement, worries about college, and family achievement guilt. Higher need satisfaction in the parental relationship was associated with reduced worries and feelings of achievement guilt for both first- and continuing-generation students. Autonomy-supportive parenting moderated the relationship between autonomy and millennials’ worries about college. Helicopter parenting did not moderate any of the relationships examined in this study but was positively associated with students’ transition worries and achievement guilt. We discuss these findings in the context of self-determination theory. 相似文献
Empathic accuracy (or how accurately a person perceives another’s emotions) has important implications for how individuals navigate their social world. We examined the role of two emotion-related traits (emotion regulation and emotional awareness) in predicting empathic accuracy and how these relationships may vary across racial groups. Undergraduate participants (N?=?98) watched videos of European-American, Asian-American, and African-American targets playing a frustrating game and made continuous ratings of the target’s emotion. To assess empathic accuracy, these ratings were compared to targets’ self-reported emotion. We found mixed support for our initial hypotheses, such that individual differences in reappraisal and attention to emotions predicted accuracy under certain conditions. Exploratory analyses suggested suppression and emotional clarity have an interactive effect in predicting accuracy. This study provides evidence for the importance of individual differences in attention to and regulation of one’s own emotions for interpersonal sensitivity, as well as the importance of context for these emotion-related traits.
Individuals with psychopathy are often characterized by emotional processing deficits, and recent research has examined the specific contexts and cognitive mechanisms that underlie these abnormalities. Some evidence suggests that abnormal features of attention are fundamental to emotional deficits in persons with psychopathy, but few studies have demonstrated the neural underpinnings responsible for such effects. Here, we use functional neuroimaging to examine attention–emotion interactions among incarcerated individuals (n = 120) evaluated for psychopathic traits using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R). Using a task designed to manipulate attention to emotional features of visual stimuli, we demonstrate effects representing implicit emotional processing, explicit emotional processing, attention-facilitated emotional processing, and vigilance for emotional content. Results confirm the importance of considering mechanisms of attention when evaluating emotional processing differences related to psychopathic traits. The affective-interpersonal features of psychopathy (PCL-R Factor 1) were associated with relatively lower emotion-dependent augmentation of activity in visual processing areas during implicit emotional processing, while antisocial-lifestyle features (PCL-R Factor 2) were associated with elevated activity in the amygdala and related salience network regions. During explicit emotional processing, psychopathic traits were associated with upregulation in the medial prefrontal cortex, insula, and superior frontal regions. Isolating the impact of explicit attention to emotional content, only Factor 1 was related to upregulation of activity in the visual processing stream, which was accompanied by increased activity in the angular gyrus. These effects highlight some important mechanisms underlying abnormal features of attention and emotional processing that accompany psychopathic traits. 相似文献