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181.
Factors that influence reinforcer choice have been examined in a number of applied studies (e.g., Neef, Mace, Shea, & Shade, 1992; Shore, Iwata, DeLeon, Kahng, & Smith, 1997; Tustin, 1994). However, no applied studies have evaluated the effects of postsession reinforcement on choice between concurrently available reinforcers, even though basic findings indicate that this is an important factor to consider (Hursh, 1978; Zeiler, 1999). In this bridge investigation, we evaluated the influence of postsession reinforcement on choice of two food items when task responding was reinforced on progressive-ratio schedules. Participants were 3 children who had been diagnosed with developmental disabilities. Results indicated that response allocation shifted from one food item to the other food item under thinner schedules of reinforcement when no postsession reinforcement was provided. These findings suggest that the efficacy of instructional programs or treatments for problem behavior may be improved by restricting reinforcers outside treatment sessions. 相似文献
182.
Application patterns when applicants know the odds: implications for selection research and practice
Unlike previous research that found small differences between population standard deviations and applicant pool standard deviations (P. R. Sackett & D. J. Ostgaard, 1994; D. S. Ones & C. Viswesvaran, 2003), this study revealed a 23% disparity between Law School Admission Test (LSAT) scores of all LSAT test takers and those of LSAT test takers who applied to law school. This study also illustrated robust applicant self-selection behavior across different law school ranks. These findings are important, because predictor scores of applicants who know their scores in advance and perceive small selection ratios necessitate substantially smaller range restriction corrections than those that would be required by population standard deviations. Furthermore, these findings more generally reveal that applicants who know their scores in advance behave quite differently from applicants who do not. 相似文献
183.
Nathan Carlin 《Pastoral Psychology》2007,56(2):121-141
This article tells, or advocates, a bizarre story about male revenge. By drawing from literature in the psychology of religion
that deals with the Book of Job and by assuming the standpoint of “cultural hermeneutics” in biblical studies, the author
playfully takes up an issue identified by Donald Capps: the issue of repressed rage in male melancholia. The author takes
his cue from a recent doctoral dissertation from Princeton Theological Seminary. Jacobus Hamman (2000) applies a Winnicottian
analysis to the Book of Job and argues that the Book of Job can be a useful pastoral resource today in a number of ways, including
his proposal for believers to direct their aggression toward God. Implicit in Hamman’s Winnicottian analysis, but never explicitly
stated, is the fact that God is Mother. The plot here is how the Book of Job might lead contemporary American men to hate
Mother God and the maternal Jesus, thereby aiding them in externalizing their repressed and self-directed rage. Mel Gibson
stars, if only briefly, in this childish story that presses the limits of Christian theology. 相似文献
184.
Nadine J. Kaslow Nathan A. Mascaro 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(3):191-196
This article was co-authored by a senior mentor and one of her students who worked with her as both an intern and a postdoctoral
fellow. It is an expanded version of a presentation given by the first author after receiving the Association of Psychologists
in Academic Health Centers (APAHC) Distinguished Achievement in Teaching Award. The article offers a historical view on mentoring,
defines and describes the term, and delineates the characteristics of good mentors and mentees. The significant impact of
mentoring on the professional and personal development of psychology interns and postdoctoral residents and their mentors
in academic health centers is explored. Techniques for developing, maintaining, and promoting effective mentoring relationships
are provided and the ethical considerations related to mentoring are examined.
This article is based upon an invited address, “Mentoring of Predoctoral Interns and Postdoctoral Fellows in an Academic Health
Sciences Center” given by the first author in recognition of the author’s receipt of the Association of Psychologists in Academic
Health Centers 2005 Award for Distinguished Achievement in Teaching. The address was presented at the Annual meeting of the
American Psychological Association, New Orleans, LA, August, 2006. 相似文献
185.
The present research provides evidence that people use facial prototypes when they encounter different names. In Experiment
1, participants created face exemplars for fifteen common male names, subsets of which were endorsed as good examples by a
second set of participants. These most typical faces were morphed to create face-name prototypes. In Experiment 2, participants
matched one of the names to each of the prototype faces from Experiment 1. Participants’ matching choices showed convergence
in naming the prototypes for many of the names. Experiment 3 utilized these same prototypes in a learning task designed to
investigate if the face-name associations revealed in Experiment 2 impacted the learnability of the names. Participants learned
face-name pairings that had a higher association (based on frequencies from Experiment 2) faster than pairings with a low
association. Results suggest a more direct relationship between faces and names than has been previously proposed. 相似文献
186.
Maner JK DeWall CN Baumeister RF Schaller M 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2007,92(1):42-55
Evidence from 6 experiments supports the social reconnection hypothesis, which posits that the experience of social exclusion increases the motivation to forge social bonds with new sources of potential affiliation. Threat of social exclusion led participants to express greater interest in making new friends, to increase their desire to work with others, to form more positive impressions of novel social targets, and to assign greater rewards to new interaction partners. Findings also suggest potential boundary conditions to the social reconnection hypothesis. Excluded individuals did not seem to seek reconnection with the specific perpetrators of exclusion or with novel partners with whom no face-to-face interaction was anticipated. Furthermore, fear of negative evaluation moderated responses to exclusion such that participants low in fear of negative evaluation responded to new interaction partners in an affiliative fashion, whereas participants high in fear of negative evaluation did not. 相似文献
187.
The societal and ethical impacts of emerging technological and business systems cannot entirely be foreseen; therefore, management
of these innovations will require at least some ethicists to work closely with researchers. This is particularly critical
in the development of new systems because the maximum degrees of freedom for changing technological direction occurs at or
just after the point of breakthrough; that is also the point where the long-term implications are hardest to visualize. Recent
work on shared expertise in Science & Technology Studies (STS) can help create productive collaborations among scientists,
engineers, ethicists and other stakeholders as these new systems are designed and implemented. But collaboration across these
disciplines will be successful only if scientists, engineers, and ethicists can communicate meaningfully with each other.
The establishment of a trading zone coupled with moral imagination present one method for such collaborative communication. 相似文献
188.
Nathan Carlin 《Pastoral Psychology》2009,58(2):127-132
This article is a fictional letter. This “letter” is the fourth fictional letter published by the author. In each letter, I take on a different persona and address issues and questions of theological students at Princeton Seminary, all of whom I imagine to be in their early or mid-twenties, because that is when I attended Princeton Seminary (Carlin 2004, 2006a, 2006b). By doing so, I am endorsing the introspective method in the psychology of religion, which I’ve learned from Donald Capps (1997). This letter is also a reflection on a passage found in the work Erik Eriksons (1962), which is the below epigram. In this letter, a seminarian writes to his mother during his second year of seminary, shortly before Thanksgiving break. The purpose of his letter is to inform his mother—from whom he received his Christianity—about some of his latest thoughts, particularly about the doctrine of the atonement. He has come to believe that the doctrine is problematic for society and he seeks a way to (re)make Christianity into a force for good. Perhaps strangely, he concludes by calling for the death of God, apparently oblivious to this forgotten debate in theological circles. This article raises a number of questions, but perhaps most importantly this one: How far can we take the lament? 相似文献
189.
Valerie M. Volkert Dorothea C. Lerman Nathan A. Call Nicole Trosclair‐Lasserre 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(1):145-160
Extinction‐induced resurgence is the recurrence of previously reinforced behavior when another behavior is placed on extinction (Lieving, Hagopian, Long, & O'Connor, 2004). This phenomenon may account for some instances of treatment relapse when problem behavior recovers during extinction‐based treatments. The current study sought to determine whether resurgence of problem behavior would reliably occur with 5 participants who received treatment with FCT. Results showed that problem behavior reemerged for all but 1 participant when the communicative response was exposed to extinction or thin schedules of reinforcement. These findings suggest that resurgence may account for some instances of response recovery during treatment, and that the described procedure may be useful for the further study of resurgence and eventual prevention of this phenomenon. 相似文献
190.
Nathan A. Call Ryan S. Pabico Joanna E. Lomas 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(3):723-728
Few direct‐assessment procedures are designed to identify potential negative reinforcers (e.g., including demands in the escape condition of functional analyses). Two participants were systematically exposed to a series of demands nominated by caregivers as potential negative reinforcers. Sessions ended following the first instance of problem behavior, and a hierarchy of demand aversiveness was created based on the latency to the first problem behavior. Subsequent functional analyses confirmed the predictive value of the hierarchy, with shorter latency demands consistently producing more differentiated functional analysis outcomes. 相似文献