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171.
Prospective longitudinal studies have shown strong predictions from conduct disorders (CDs) in childhood to antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and violence in adults. However, little is known of the childhood antecedents of serious violence nor whether these may vary depending on the context in which the violence occurs. In this study, 54 men aged 21-40 years serving prison sentences for violent crime were assessed. Standardized interviews of ASPD and violence were conducted independently of interviews covering retrospective recall of childhood psychiatric disorders and adverse experiences. Analyses of the predictors of overall violence suggested a pathway involving childhood CD and adult ASPD associated with interparental discord, and an additional pathway associated with experiencing interparental violence in childhood. Different results were however obtained when account was taken of the context of the violence. The CD-ASPD pathway was associated with social violence, but not with partner violence. Partner violence was predicted by retrospective reports of having been exposed to interparental violence during childhood but not by reports of childhood CD or adult ASPD. Thus developmental pathways to serious violence may be different depending on the social domain in which the violence occurs. 相似文献
172.
Selective attention to signs of success: social dominance and early stage interpersonal perception 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Results from two experiments suggest that observers selectively attend to male, but not female, targets displaying signs of social dominance. Participants overestimated the frequency of dominant men in rapidly presented stimulus arrays (Study 1) and visually fixated on dominant men in an eyetracking experiment (Study 2). When viewing female targets, participants attended to signs of physical attractiveness rather than social dominance. Findings fit with evolutionary models of mating, which imply that dominance and physical attractiveness sometimes tend to be prioritized preferentially in judgments of men versus women, respectively. Findings suggest that sex differences in human mating are observed not only at the level of overt mating preferences and choices but also at early stages of interpersonal perception. This research demonstrates the utility of examining early-in-the-stream social cognition through the functionalist lens of adaptive thinking. 相似文献
173.
Forbes EE Shaw DS Silk JS Feng X Cohn JF Fox NA Kovacs M 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(2):207-221
Although parents and children are thought to influence one another's affect and behavior, few studies have examined the direction of effects from children to parents, particularly with respect to parental psychopathology. We tested the hypothesis that children's affective characteristics are associated with the course of mothers' depressive symptoms. Children's affect expression was observed during a series of mother-child interaction tasks, and children's resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry was assessed in a psychophysiology laboratory. Mothers' depressive symptoms were assessed at two time points, approximately one year apart, at the mother-child interaction visits. Depressive symptoms increased over time for mothers with a history of childhood-onset depression whose children exhibited right frontal EEG asymmetry. Depressive symptoms were associated with high child negative affect at both time points for mothers whose children exhibited right frontal EEG asymmetry. Cross-lagged models with a subset of participants provided some evidence of both parent-to-child and child-to-parent directions of effects. Findings suggest that akin to other interpersonal stressors, children's affective characteristics may contribute to maternal depressive symptoms. 相似文献
174.
175.
Nathan Carlin 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(3):269-293
This essay explores recent literature on male body image and reports the findings of empirical research of male body image
on the campus of Princeton Seminary. While the author did not find that Princeton Seminary men suffer from what is being called
the “Adonis Complex” in any pathological sense, the author did find that the “talking taboo” among seminary men regarding
intimate matters is still operative and that these men seem to be longing for male intimacy, as evidenced by their eager and
voluntary support of my study. Surprisingly, the author found that, during the course of his interviews, theological language
about grace seemed to be subverting the experience of intimacy and, ironically, the experience of grace itself. 相似文献
176.
Nathan SALMON 《Philosophy and phenomenological research》2006,72(3):656-664
177.
Nathan A. Call Alec M. Bernstein Matthew J. O'Brien Kelly M. Schieltz Loukia Tsami Dorothea C. Lerman Wendy K. Berg Scott D. Lindgren Mark A. Connelly David P. Wacker 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2024,57(1):166-183
Clinicians report primarily using functional behavioral assessment (FBA) methods that do not include functional analyses. However, studies examining the correspondence between functional analyses and other types of FBAs have produced inconsistent results. In addition, although functional analyses are considered the gold standard, their contribution toward successful treatment compared with other FBA methods remains unclear. This comparative effectiveness study, conducted with 57 young children with autism spectrum disorder, evaluated the results of FBAs that did (n = 26) and did not (n = 31) include a functional analysis. Results of FBAs with and without functional analyses showed modest correspondence. All participants who completed functional communication training achieved successful outcomes regardless of the type of FBA conducted. 相似文献
178.
Seven-year-old children (N=65) participating in a study of the influence of infant temperament on socioemotional development performed an auditory selective attention task involving words that varied in both affective (positive vs. negative) and social (social vs. nonsocial) content. Parent report of contemporaneous child temperament was also collected, and individual differences in self-regulation in the affective (soothability) and cognitive (attentional control) domains were noted. Overall, children showed slower responses to stimuli that were either social or negative in content, with the largest effect elicited by words that possessed both traits. Children rated high in soothability and attentional control showed slower responses to social negative words. The other children showed little to no differential response patterns across the word categories. ERPs collected during the task indicated that processing differences were evident in the later more cognitive components of the ERP, especially in children low in attentional control. These findings indicate that performance on an auditory selective attention task can assist in identifying underlying patterns of affective processing. 相似文献
180.
Research within the area of paranoid thinking has focused primarily on adults and has only recently looked at the effects during the critical life stage of adolescence, with even less research in the context of the juvenile justice system. This article aims to explore the relationship between antisocial behaviour in adolescence and the development of paranoid thinking, set within wider contexts that surround the juvenile justice system. The information presented is drawn from both the current research and the clinical experiences of those working in adolescent forensic psychiatry services. The relationships with other disorders such as conduct disorder, ADHD, PTSD, and depression are also explored. 相似文献