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121.
Yi Wang Scott Highhouse Christopher J. Lake Nicole L. Petersen Thaddeus B. Rada 《决策行为杂志》2017,30(1):15-25
Over 50 years of research on cognitive style has converged on the importance of individual differences in use of intuition and analysis. This program of research is characterized, however, by two incompatible perspectives about the relation between intuition and analysis. The distinction concerns whether intuition and analysis are opposite poles of a single dimension or whether they are orthogonal constructs. Two studies report meta‐analytic investigations of the relation between intuition and analysis. A meta‐analysis of the existing research base (k = 80; n = 27 501) showed that intuition and analysis are uncorrelated. A second meta‐analysis of combinations of subscales from different cognitive style measures (n = 511) supported the results of the first meta‐analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the existence of two uncorrelated constructs. Overall, the findings support the view that intuition and analysis are independent constructs, rather than opposite ends of a bipolar continuum. In addition, the findings suggest measures of analysis or rationality are not interchangeable. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
122.
The medical humanities have been presented as a panacea for medical reductionism; a means for 'humanizing' medicine. However, there is a lack of consensus about the appropriate contributing disciplines and how curricula should be taught and assessed. This special issue critically examines the role of the medical humanities in medical education and their potential to serve, inadvertently or otherwise, as a tool of governance. The contributors, who include medical educators and medical practitioners, employ a range of perspectives for analysing the pertinent issues. 相似文献
123.
A Question of Balance or Blind Faith?: Scientists’ and Science Policymakers’ Representations of the Benefits and Risks of Nanotechnologies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In recent years, in the UK and elsewhere, scientists and science policymakers have grappled with the question of how to reap
the benefits of nanotechnologies while minimising the risks. Having recognised the importance of public support for future
innovations, they have placed increasing emphasis on ‘engaging’ ‘the public’ during the early phase of technology development.
Meaningful engagement suggests some common ground between experts and lay publics in relation to the definition of nanotechnologies
and of their benefits and risks. However, views on nanotechnologies are likely to vary according to where actors stand in
the technology production/consumption/assessment cycle. Drawing on data from a recent UK-based study, this article examines
how scientists (‘upstream’ and ‘downstream’) and policymakers portray the benefits and risks of nanotechnologies, particularly
as they relate to two major areas of predicted application, namely medicine/public health and environmental sustainability.
The findings reveal that, in the main, scientists and science policymakers held a positive conception of nanotechnologies
and see imminent applications, although they acknowledged particular risks, including adverse public reaction. While definitions
of ‘benefit’ and ‘risk’ varied, most saw the benefits as outweighing the risks and believed that the risks could be adequately
regulated once they were assessed. The difficulties of assessing risk, however, were acknowledged. The study raises a number
of questions that will need to be addressed if regulations are to be developed that not only protect people’s heath and wellbeing
and the environment but also engender public trust in nanotechnologies.
相似文献
Alison Anderson (Corresponding author)Email: |
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126.
Barbara K. Bruce Karen E. Weiss Tracy E. Harrison Daniel A. Allman Matthew A. Petersen Connie A. Luedkte Philip R. Fischer 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2016,23(2):147-159
The prevalence of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in adolescents and young adults has been increasing during the past decade. Despite this increase, documentation regarding treatment of these patients is just beginning to emerge. In addition, despite a call for a multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary approach, no studies have examined the efficacy of such an approach to treatment. This paper describes a case study of a 19-year-old male with debilitating POTS seen at a tertiary clinic for evaluation and subsequent intensive interdisciplinary treatment. The treatment approach is described and outcomes are presented. 相似文献
127.
The Word Superiority Effect (WSE) is a well-known phenomenon in reading research, where words are reported more accurately than single letters or non-words. We report two experiments that investigate the WSE in the central and peripheral visual field, as well as laterality differences in the perception of words and letters, using methods based on the Theory of Visual Attention. The results show a WSE in the central visual field, reflected in mean scores, perception thresholds, and processing speed, whereas the effect is eliminated or reversed in the periphery. This may be caused by crowding, which prevents lexical analysis of a word in the periphery. We conclude that perception of words and letters differs according to location in the visual field. Linking our results to previous studies of crowding effects in patients with reading impairments, we hypothesize that similar mechanisms may limit normal word peripheral processing. 相似文献
128.
Andrew W. Delton Michael Bang Petersen Peter DeScioli Theresa E. Robertson 《Political psychology》2018,39(4):907-924
Funding for social welfare depends on citizen support. Drawing on evolutionary psychological approaches to politics, we study two types of need that might shape citizens' welfare support by regulating their feelings of compassion. One type of need is a recipient's absolute need. The other type is acute need created by sudden misfortune, such as sudden job loss. Across four studies, we find that absolute and acute needs independently affect compassion and welfare attitudes. This leads to potential inefficiencies in judgments: People who have fallen far are judged more deserving of compassion and access to welfare even when they are not in an absolute sense the most impoverished. 相似文献
129.
People are motivated to avoid losses. In the context of politics, studies consistently show that the threat of losses increases support for risky public policies more than the promise of gains. Here, we predict that this loss aversion is calibrated by individual differences related to one’s ability to accommodate resource loss, and we investigate how these individual differences moderate reactions to the threat of losses and the promise of gains. Results from large-N experiments consistently demonstrate that this moderation effect crucially depends on whether the resource loss relates to oneself or one’s group—whether the setting is personal or political. Consistent with classic assumptions, individuals with inferior abilities to cope with resource loss are more loss averse in personal settings. In political settings where group resources are threatened, effects reverse: Individuals with superior resources and a more central position within the group consistently respond more to the prospect of loss. As discussed, these findings have important implications for our understanding of why and for whom the threat of loss motivates risky personal and political choices. By consequence, the findings also shed novel light on the psychological underpinnings of recent risky political events. 相似文献
130.
On the one hand, the absence of contraction is a safeguard against the logical (property theoretic) paradoxes; but on the other hand, it also disables inductive and recursive definitions, in its most basic form the definition
of the series of natural numbers, for instance. The reason for this is simply that the effectiveness of a recursion clause
depends on its being available after application, something that is usually assured by contraction. This paper presents a
way of overcoming this problem within the framework of a logic based on inclusion and unrestricted abstraction, without any
form of extensionality.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献