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81.
Charlotte S. Löffler Dörte Naber Naomi Weiger Michael K. Zürn Rita R. Silva Moritz Ingendahl Sascha Topolinski 《European journal of social psychology》2024,54(3):643-657
We explored the impact of mood on the judgemental consequences of word pronounceability in six Experiments (1 preregistered, total N = 1183). Positive and negative mood was induced via video clips (all but Experiment 4) and subliminal affective primes (Experiment 4). Additionally, participants were presented with easy- and difficult-to-pronounce letter strings. These were framed as target words to be judged for liking (Experiments 1–2), as names of eBay sellers to be judged for trustworthiness (Experiments 3–5), or as either seller names or passwords to provoke opposing interpretations of pronunciation fluency (Experiment 6). While pronounceability showed a robust effect across experiments, mood did not modulate the judgemental use of (Experiments 1–4), the correction for (Experiment 5) and the interpretation (Experiment 6) of word pronounceability. In conclusion, the judgemental effects of pronounceability persist despite the presence of more objective and task-pertinent cues, resist judgemental correction and remain unaffected by affective states. 相似文献
83.
Wiebren S. Jansen Charlotte Kröger Jojanneke Van der Toorn Naomi Ellemers 《Journal of applied social psychology》2021,51(7):746-759
Many organizations have diversity statements in place in which they publicly declare their appreciation of and commitment to workforce diversity. These statements can either contain moral motives (e.g., “diversity reduces social inequalities”), business motives (e.g., “diversity enhances innovation”), or a combination of moral and business motives. In a desk study involving 182 Dutch organizations, we found that (a) private sector organizations more often than public sector organizations communicate business motives, (b) that public and private sector organizations are equally likely to communicate moral motives, and (c) that public sector organizations more frequently than private sector organizations communicate a combination of moral and business motives. Next, we used an experimental design to examine the causal influence of communicating different diversity motives on organizations' employment image (i.e., perceptions of organizational morality, competence, and attractiveness) among prospective employees (n = 393). Here, we used a scenario in which a healthcare organization was portrayed as either a public or a private sector organization and communicated either only moral motives, only business motives or a combination of moral and business motives for diversity. We found that for a public sector organization communicating moral instead of business motives for valuing diversity induced a more favorable employment image. For a private sector organization, there were no differences in employment image depending on the motive communicated. Together, these two studies shed new light on the role of diversity motives in establishing a positive employment image. 相似文献
84.
Naomi Schimmel 《Reading Psychology》2017,38(4):390-416
This study examined the effects of reading mode (oral and silent) and text genre (narrative and expository) on fourth graders’ reading comprehension. While controlling for prior reading ability of 48 participants, we measured comprehension. Using a repeated measured design, data were analyzed using analysis of covariance, paired t-tests, and correlational statistics. Results revealed that silent reading was stronger for narrative passages in retell measures, but there was no difference for comprehension questions. The expository passages revealed no difference between the reading modes. Comprehension of narrative texts was consistently stronger than expository texts in both silent and oral reading. 相似文献
85.
86.
Clarissa Marceli Trentini Eduardo Chachamovich Gabriela Peretti Wagner Daniela Helena M��ller Vania Naomi Hirakata Marcelo Pio de Almeida Fleck 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(3):291-309
The aim of the present study was to identify relevant variables associated with Quality of Life (QoL) in older adults. Older
adults, up to 60 years old, were interviewed. Subjects were recruited through convenience sampling. 339 paticipants, who were
stratified by gender, age, and subjective perception of health and illness, answered questions on sociodemographic issues,
QoL (WHOQOL-100) and depressive symptomathology (Beck Depression Inventory—BDI). The multiple linear regression analysis showed
associations of overall perception of QoL with depression levels, subjective perception of health status and gender. The individual
analysis of each domain concluded that depression levels are correlated to all QoL domains, while health status was associated
with physical, psychological, independence level and social relationship domains. Other variables were also assessed. The
assessment of older adults concerning their QoL perceptions is associated with gender, age, marital status, social class,
literacy rate, perception of health, and more substantially associated with depressive symptoms levels. Nevertheless, some
limitations of this study and further ones are suggested. 相似文献
87.
Naomi Ziv Shulamit Radin 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(1):15-25
Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to identify or produce notes without any
reference note. An ongoing debate exists regarding the benefits or disadvantages
of AP in processing music. One of the main issues in this context is whether the
categorical perception of pitch in AP possessors may interfere in processing
tasks requiring relative pitch (RP). Previous studies, focusing mainly on
melodic and interval perception, have obtained inconsistent results. The aim of
the present study was to examine the effect of AP and RP separately, using
isolated chords. Seventy-three musicians were categorized into four groups of
high and low AP and RP, and were tested on two tasks: identifying chord types
(Task 1), and identifying a single note within a chord (Task 2). A main effect
of RP on Task 1 and an interaction between AP and RP in reaction times were
found. On Task 2 main effects of AP and RP, and an interaction were found, with
highest performance in participants with both high AP and RP. Results suggest
that AP and RP should be regarded as two different abilities, and that AP may
slow down reaction times for tasks requiring global processing. 相似文献
88.
Naomi Pauling 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2023,23(4):982-994
Background
The importance of addressing social determinants of mental health in therapy is well-documented. However, there appears to be limited research on what this actually involves in practice and how best to prepare therapists to work with individuals experiencing adverse social determinants.Aims
The aim of this review was to draw implications for practice and training from reviewing research on addressing social determinants of mental health in therapy.Methodology
A qualitative systematic review of the research on addressing social determinants of mental health in therapy was conducted, extracting papers from eight databases: Cochrane Library, ASSIA, CINAHL Plus, PsycInfo, Psychoanalytic Electronic Publishing, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. Out of 127 papers found, five met the eligibility criteria and were quality-assessed and analysed thematically.Findings
The thematic synthesis generated three main themes: “the therapeutic relationship,” “adapting to client context” and “community as a resource,” with eight subthemes.Conclusion
This thematic synthesis highlights the importance of the therapeutic relationship and adapting mental health support to client frame of reference and context to address social determinants of mental health in therapy. It emphasises community as a helpful resource for informing training and therapeutic interventions, as well as a significant resource for people experiencing adverse social determinants. 相似文献89.
Aims: This study (1) profiled the well‐being of first year students entering one UK university, and (2) explored whether initial well‐being and year end academic performance were correlated. Method: A total of 117 students (mean age 21, 67% female) completed the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation‐General Population, and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; academic achievement data were collected from academic records. Results: Almost a quarter of the sample reported quasi‐clinical levels of psychological distress and moderate to very severe social anxiety. Quasi‐clinical levels of psychological distress were associated with low self‐esteem and social anxiety. No statistically significant links were found between well‐being as assessed at the beginning of the first year and academic achievement at the end of the first year. Discussion: The failure to find a link in this study between initial well‐being and academic performance at the end of the first year suggests that further investigation is required to understand how academic achievement is related to student well‐being. 相似文献
90.
This study examines whether public opinion parallels recent judicial and statutory changes limiting the applicability of capital sentences to offenders younger than 18 years old. Two hundred and thirty-five undergraduate students were administered a vignette of a capital case and asked to render a sentence of death or life in prison without parole. Results revealed that age of the defendant was not a significant predictor of sentence type; participants sentenced 16- and 17-year-old defendants similarly to 18- and 25-year-old defendants. Therefore, public opinion appears inconsistent with legal and legislative changes to abandon the practice of executing juveniles. Findings also suggested that perceived level of the defendant's responsibility and general opinion about capital sentences significantly predicted sentence type; perceptions of greater responsibility were associated with an increased likelihood of a death sentence. However, participants did not perceive differences in responsibility between juvenile and adult defendants. In addition, participants were more comfortable sentencing defendants to death compared with life in prison. 相似文献