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Facilitation of attitude formation through communication: how perceived source expertise enhances the ability to achieve cognitive closure about complex environmental topics 下载免费PDF全文
Charlotte Koot Emma ter Mors Naomi Ellemers Dancker D. L. Daamen 《Journal of applied social psychology》2016,46(11):627-640
Attitudes on which people have achieved cognitive closure are better predictors of future attitudes and behavior than open attitudes. In two experiments, we found that factors in communication (source identity, source consensus) can enhance people's ability to achieve cognitive closure on complex environmental topics through an increase in perceived source expertise. Results showed that participants perceived higher levels of source expertise and felt better able to achieve cognitive closure on the environmental technology of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) when the information source had an expert identity compared to a non‐expert identity. The communication of consensus by the information source increased the level of expertise ascribed to the non‐expert source, resulting in an enhanced ability to achieve closure. 相似文献
84.
Akio Shimokawa Naomi Yatomi Sachiko Anamizu Shigeo Torii Hiroshi Isono Yuuichi Sugai Michiko Kohno 《Brain and cognition》2001,47(3):423-433
This study investigated the relationship between the ability to recognize emotion and interpersonal behavior in dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). After examining the validity and reliability of the Emotion Recognition Test (ERT), an improved version of the tasks used by Shimokawa et al. (2000), 100 patients with DAT underwent evaluation for general cognition using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and emotion recognition using the ERT. Within a week of these tests being administered, ward staff rated the patients using the Interpersonal Behavior Checklist (IBC), composed of two behavior scales: indifference to interpersonal relationships and difficulties with patient treatment/management. After investigating the validity and reliability of the scales, the correlations between the MMSE, the ERT, and the two scales of the IBC were calculated. The results suggested that the MMSE did not correlate with either of the two behavior scales, while the ERT correlated significantly with both of the scales. The study results lead to the conclusion that deteriorating emotion recognition ability, rather than deterioration of general cognition, influences the indifferent and awkward interpersonal behaviors of DAT patients. 相似文献
85.
Naomi Schimmel 《Reading Psychology》2017,38(4):390-416
This study examined the effects of reading mode (oral and silent) and text genre (narrative and expository) on fourth graders’ reading comprehension. While controlling for prior reading ability of 48 participants, we measured comprehension. Using a repeated measured design, data were analyzed using analysis of covariance, paired t-tests, and correlational statistics. Results revealed that silent reading was stronger for narrative passages in retell measures, but there was no difference for comprehension questions. The expository passages revealed no difference between the reading modes. Comprehension of narrative texts was consistently stronger than expository texts in both silent and oral reading. 相似文献
86.
Naomi Ziv Shulamit Radin 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(1):15-25
Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to identify or produce notes without any
reference note. An ongoing debate exists regarding the benefits or disadvantages
of AP in processing music. One of the main issues in this context is whether the
categorical perception of pitch in AP possessors may interfere in processing
tasks requiring relative pitch (RP). Previous studies, focusing mainly on
melodic and interval perception, have obtained inconsistent results. The aim of
the present study was to examine the effect of AP and RP separately, using
isolated chords. Seventy-three musicians were categorized into four groups of
high and low AP and RP, and were tested on two tasks: identifying chord types
(Task 1), and identifying a single note within a chord (Task 2). A main effect
of RP on Task 1 and an interaction between AP and RP in reaction times were
found. On Task 2 main effects of AP and RP, and an interaction were found, with
highest performance in participants with both high AP and RP. Results suggest
that AP and RP should be regarded as two different abilities, and that AP may
slow down reaction times for tasks requiring global processing. 相似文献
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Aims: This study (1) profiled the well‐being of first year students entering one UK university, and (2) explored whether initial well‐being and year end academic performance were correlated. Method: A total of 117 students (mean age 21, 67% female) completed the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation‐General Population, and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; academic achievement data were collected from academic records. Results: Almost a quarter of the sample reported quasi‐clinical levels of psychological distress and moderate to very severe social anxiety. Quasi‐clinical levels of psychological distress were associated with low self‐esteem and social anxiety. No statistically significant links were found between well‐being as assessed at the beginning of the first year and academic achievement at the end of the first year. Discussion: The failure to find a link in this study between initial well‐being and academic performance at the end of the first year suggests that further investigation is required to understand how academic achievement is related to student well‐being. 相似文献
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Naomi Pauling 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2023,23(4):982-994
Background
The importance of addressing social determinants of mental health in therapy is well-documented. However, there appears to be limited research on what this actually involves in practice and how best to prepare therapists to work with individuals experiencing adverse social determinants.Aims
The aim of this review was to draw implications for practice and training from reviewing research on addressing social determinants of mental health in therapy.Methodology
A qualitative systematic review of the research on addressing social determinants of mental health in therapy was conducted, extracting papers from eight databases: Cochrane Library, ASSIA, CINAHL Plus, PsycInfo, Psychoanalytic Electronic Publishing, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. Out of 127 papers found, five met the eligibility criteria and were quality-assessed and analysed thematically.Findings
The thematic synthesis generated three main themes: “the therapeutic relationship,” “adapting to client context” and “community as a resource,” with eight subthemes.Conclusion
This thematic synthesis highlights the importance of the therapeutic relationship and adapting mental health support to client frame of reference and context to address social determinants of mental health in therapy. It emphasises community as a helpful resource for informing training and therapeutic interventions, as well as a significant resource for people experiencing adverse social determinants. 相似文献90.
Clarissa Marceli Trentini Eduardo Chachamovich Gabriela Peretti Wagner Daniela Helena M��ller Vania Naomi Hirakata Marcelo Pio de Almeida Fleck 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(3):291-309
The aim of the present study was to identify relevant variables associated with Quality of Life (QoL) in older adults. Older
adults, up to 60 years old, were interviewed. Subjects were recruited through convenience sampling. 339 paticipants, who were
stratified by gender, age, and subjective perception of health and illness, answered questions on sociodemographic issues,
QoL (WHOQOL-100) and depressive symptomathology (Beck Depression Inventory—BDI). The multiple linear regression analysis showed
associations of overall perception of QoL with depression levels, subjective perception of health status and gender. The individual
analysis of each domain concluded that depression levels are correlated to all QoL domains, while health status was associated
with physical, psychological, independence level and social relationship domains. Other variables were also assessed. The
assessment of older adults concerning their QoL perceptions is associated with gender, age, marital status, social class,
literacy rate, perception of health, and more substantially associated with depressive symptoms levels. Nevertheless, some
limitations of this study and further ones are suggested. 相似文献