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151.
Comparisons were made between the post high school plans and the adequacy of father identification of male adolescents from rural economically deprived areas. The subjects were divided into two groups, low identification males (LIM) and high identification males (HIM) based on independent evaluators' judgments of the adequacy of their fathers. Each group's responses to a questionnaire concerning future plans and aspirations were compared. In general, the hypotheses predicting that HIM subjects have higher levels of aspiration, more self-confidence and greater satisfaction with school experiences were confirmed by the data. 相似文献
152.
For members of stigmatized groups, being confronted with highstatus outgroup members threatens social identity and undermines performance on status-relevant dimensions. Two experiments examined whether the negative effects of outgroup contexts are alleviated when value is expressed for a dimension on which the stigmatized ingroup excels. Specifically, the authors assessed whether ingroup versus outgroup context and contextual value for ingroup dimensions affects group members' reactions to failure on status-relevant dimensions and subsequent performance. Experiment 1 showed that in comparison to ingroup contexts, outgroup contexts induce stigmatized group members to protect social identity and to feel more agitated following negative performance feedback. Experiment 2 showed that when others in the context emphasize the importance of a dimension on which the ingroup excels, the negative effects of outgroup contexts are alleviated, stigmatized group members feel more cheerful concerning an upcoming task, and task performance is characterized by a focus on success. 相似文献
153.
Severe hair-pulling is characteristic of trichotillomania, an impulse control disorder not otherwise classified. Other pathological habits, including severe nail-biting and skin-picking, are also prevalent and are potentially diagnosable as stereotypic movement disorder. There is increasing awareness of the morbidity associated with these kind of habit disorders but, to date, relatively few randomized controlled trials of pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy have been undertaken. Advances in the understanding of the underlying cognitive-affective mechanisms driving stereotypies in animals and humans may ultimately lead to new approaches. An affect regulation, behavioral addiction, and cognitive control (A-B-C) approach is outlined to conceptualizing and managing these conditions. 相似文献
154.
Previous research has demonstrated that intragroup respect can strengthen people's commitment to the group and encourage them to exert themselves on behalf of it. In the present research, the authors argue that similar behavior can ensue from self-focused concerns when group members are disrespected. Experiment 1 (N = 174) confirms that high respect as well as low respect motivates people to increase their actual discretionary efforts on behalf of the group. These findings were replicated and extended in Experiment 2 (N = 138), where it was established that enhanced efforts only emerge when people consider the way they are evaluated by others as diagnostic for their position in the group. In addition, it is demonstrated that whereas the efforts of respected people were primarily motivated by affective commitment to the group (group-focused concerns), the behavior of disrespected people was driven by anxiety about their acceptance into the group (self-focused concerns). 相似文献
155.
Eisenberger NI Lieberman MD Satpute AB 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2005,5(2):169-181
Although neuroticism has been central to most theories of personality, self-reported neuroticism has had limited success in
predicting expected behavioral outcomes. The reason for this may be due, in part, to the imprecision of self-reports. The
purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neural correlates of control systems and neuroticism, extraversion,
and self-consciousness. In response to an oddball task, neuroticism was associated with increased dorsal anterior cingulate
cortex (dACC) reactivity, typically associated with discrepancy detection, whereas extraversion and self-consciousness were
associated with lateral and medial frontoparietal networks, respectively, typically associated with task-focused (lateral)
or self-focused (medial) controlled processes. We also examined whether the neural measure of neuroticism would predict a
relevant behavioral outcome better than self-reports would. Interoceptive accuracy, an outcome associated with neuroticism,
was better accounted for by dACC reactivity (r
2=.74) than by self-reported neuroticism (r
2=.16), suggesting that neural reactivities may provide a more direct measure of personality than self-reports do. 相似文献
156.
This study compared four common methods for scoring a popular working memory span task, Daneman and Carpenter’s (1980) reading
span test. More continuous measures, such as the total number of words recalled or the proportion of words per set averaged
across all sets, were more normally distributed, had higher reliability, and had higher correlations with criterion measures
(reading comprehension and Verbal SAT) than did traditional span scores that quantified the highest set size completed or
the number of words in correct sets. Furthermore, creation of arbitrary groups (e.g., high-span and low-span groups) led to
poor reliability and greatly reduced predictive power. It is recommended that researchers score span tasks with continuous
measures and avoid post hoc dichotomization of working memory span groups. 相似文献
157.
Lucy Aji Matsayi Naomi Nuhu Adamu Vivian Azumi Kefas Clifford Yubsih Menchak 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2023,23(1):31-41
This study examined the effects of client-centred therapy (CCT) on the coping strategies of sexually harassed students in tertiary institutions in Taraba State, Nigeria. It also looked for any gender differences in the effect of CCT on the coping strategies of sexually harassed students. We employed a quasi-experimental and pretest–post-test design with control group. The statistical population comprised 250 students who had experienced sexual harassment in tertiary institutions, of which 20 students were selected using convenience sampling. The students who had been sexually harassed were then randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group subsequently underwent six 60-min sessions of CCT, while the control group received placebo treatment on drug abuse. The research tools included a sexual harassment battery (SHB). Inferential statistics of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyse the data. Cronbach's alpha produced a reliability coefficient of 0.79 for the SHB. The following findings were recorded: (i) client-centred therapy effectively increased the coping strategies of students and (ii) there was no significant mean difference between male and female students in the effectiveness of CCT on coping strategies. 相似文献
158.
The present study used retrospective reports of primarily white female university students to examine a number of issues related to sexual harassment in high school. Results indicate that underperception of sexual harassment in high school exists in that reports of objective experiences appear to be quite high and exceed the actual labelling of these experiences as sexual harassment. Those who reported having an overprotective mother, observing fewer positive behaviors between their parents, and experiencing unwanted sexual contact during childhood experienced a greater number of objectively-defined incidents of sexual harassment, than those who did not. Underperception of sexual harassment was associated with a greater frequency of negative behaviors directed toward the father by the mother, but was not related to experiencing unwanted sexual contact during childhood.We would like to thank W. A. Fisher, D. Hazlewood, J. Olson, and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. 相似文献
159.
Martin Weatherston Duane H. Davis Brian Domino Pablo Hermida Naomi Zack 《Man and World》1995,28(4):449-463
160.
Naomi G. Rucker Ph.D. Karen L. Lombardi Ph.D. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1990,20(2):99-107
It is proposed that poorly integrated sexual feelings between mother and daughter are frequent early precursors of later incestuous interactions between father and daughter. Father-daughter molestation may be seen as an enactment of erotic urges and fantasies between mother and daughter that find origin in pre-Oedipal, mother-child qualities of relatedness. The familial menage-a-trois is an intrapsychic and interpersonal compromise for mother and daughter between a more deeply disturbed and a more fully severed internal and external bond; it allows both partners enough distance from their dissociated feelings to feel safe, enough proximity to feel vicariously connected, and enough libidinization to maintain an alliance with the exciting object. 相似文献