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31.
Stroop interference can be reduced by stress, and this has been taken as evidence that stress decreases the attention paid
to irrelevant information, a theory known as ‘Easterbrook’s hypothesis’. This contradicts more recent theories, which state
that attentional control deteriorates in stress. Fifty-five participants undertook a Stroop task under high stress (loud white
noise) and low stress conditions. Attention to the irrelevant word information was assessed by manipulating the proportion
of congruent trials (e.g. the word RED in the colour red); it is known that Stroop interference increases when many such trials
are presented. This effect was reduced when participants were stressed, which is evidence that stress does indeed reduce attention
to irrelevant information. This pattern of results was not present in participants with low working memory spans, presumably
because these participants had less attentional control. These findings highlight an important weakness in contemporary theories
of cognition in stress. 相似文献
32.
Renu Sharma Persaud 《International Journal of Children's Spirituality》2009,14(2):129-149
This paper introduces the topic of spiritual injury and the possible influences and relationships it might share with education‐to‐work transitions of young adults. Students of both dominant and minority cultural backgrounds were interviewed to gain a detailed understanding of how perceptions of transitions came about. Further, I sought to understand what role spirituality and experiences of spirit injury have in the decision‐making processes. 相似文献
33.
Coloring only a single letter in the Stroop task can result in a reduction or elimination of Stroop interference. The present experiments were designed to test whether this modulation of Stroop interference occurs at all letter positions. Specifically, we investigated whether Stroop interference was reduced when the colored letter occupied the optimal viewing position (OVP). The experiments show that Stroop interference is not reduced at the OVP (Experiment 1) and that Stroop interference at the OVP is significantly greater than at other letter positions (Experiments 1 and 2). This finding has important theoretical and methodological consequences for studies of automatic processing in visual word recognition. 相似文献
34.
35.
Effect of marihuana on the visual autokinetic phenomenon 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
36.
Les AA. examinent la relation entre anxiété et conditionnement verbal d'une part, anxiété et conscience du renforcement d'autre part, dans une épreuve de construction de phrases. L'analyse des résultats non concordants apparus dans les études antérieures et qui concernent la relation entre anxiété et conditionnement verbal suggère L'hypothèse que la direction de cette relation dépend de la conscience des sujets au cours du conditionnement. Les résultats présents montrent que les sujets conscients à forte anxiété se conditionnent mieux que les sujets conscients à faible anxiété. Mais les sujets non conscients à faible anxiété donnent significativement plus de réponses “Je-Nous” que les sujets non conscients à forte anxiété. La non-concordance avec les résultats antérieurs est sans doute due à des différences de population (sujets malades ou normaux). 相似文献
37.
38.
Sharma A 《The Journal of general psychology》2000,127(4):383-396
The effect of the congruity between the involvement types of advertising commercial and a television program on the effectiveness of the commercial was studied. Participants (N = 103) viewed either a cognitive or an affective commercial for a product, which was embedded in either a cognitive or an affective television program. The results showed that the effects of the congruence influence the impact on memory. Free recall and cued recall were significantly influenced by the program-commercial congruity. Free recall and cued recall were significantly higher for the cognitively involving commercial in the cognitively involving program context than in the affectively involving program context. Similarly, free recall and cued recall were significantly higher for the affectively involving commercial in the affectively involving program context than in the cognitively involving program context. 相似文献
39.
The roles of MAPK cascades in synaptic plasticity and memory in Aplysia: facilitatory effects and inhibitory constraints 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Synaptic plasticity is thought to contribute to memory formation. Serotonin-induced facilitation of sensory-motor (SN-MN) synapses in Aplysia is an extensively studied cellular analog of memory for sensitization. Serotonin, a modulatory neurotransmitter, is released in the CNS during sensitization training, and induces three temporally and mechanistically distinct phases of SN-MN synaptic facilitation. The role of protein kinase A and protein kinase C in SN-MN synaptic facilitation is well documented. Recently, it has become clear that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades also play a critical role in SN-MN plasticity. Here, we summarize the roles of MAPK cascades in synaptic plasticity and memory for sensitization in Aplysia. 相似文献
40.
How does the attentional system coordinate the processing of stimuli presented simultaneously to different sensory modalities? We investigated this question with individuals with neurological damage who suffered from deficits of attention. In these individuals, we examined how the processing of tactile stimuli is affected by the simultaneous presentation of visual or auditory stimuli. The investigation demonstrated that two stimuli from different modalities are in competition when attention is directed to the perceptual attributes of both, but not when attention is directed to the perceptual attributes of one and the semantic attributes of the other. These findings reveal a differentiated attentional system in which competition is modulated by the level of stimulus representation to which attention is directed. 相似文献