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941.
Warren SF Brady NC 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2007,13(4):330-338
There is growing evidence that cumulative exposure to highly responsive parenting styles throughout the early childhood period may provide a variety of important child benefits in terms of language, cognitive, social, and emotional development. We view maternal responsivity as a dynamic construct of central importance to the development of children with intellectual disabilities just as it is for typically developing children. In this study, we selectively review the theoretical and conceptual evidence for the effects of responsivity on development, discuss factors known to influence responsivity including the nature of a child's disability, and review intervention approaches intended to enhance maternal responsivity. We conclude with a set of recommendations for future research. 相似文献
942.
Does face recognition involve face-specific cognitive and neural processes ('domain specificity') or do faces only seem special because people have had more experience of individuating them than they have of individuating members of other homogeneous object categories ('the expertise hypothesis')? Here, we summarize new data that test these hypotheses by assessing whether classic face-selective effects - holistic processing, recognition impairments in prosopagnosia and fusiform face area activation - remain face selective in comparison with objects of expertise. We argue that evidence strongly supports domain specificity rather than the expertise hypothesis. We conclude that the crucial social function of face recognition does not reflect merely a general practice phenomenon and that it might be supported by evolved mechanisms (visual or nonvisual) and/or a sensitive period in infancy. 相似文献
943.
A model of coping with stress is proposed in which coping mediates the relationship among organizational stressors and personal characteristics, and job-related strains and organizational outcomes. Study results, based on a sample of professional salespeople, provide overall support for most of the hypothesized relationships among work-related stressors, personal characteristics, and coping styles. Findings also support the influence of emotion-focused coping on the psychological outcomes of emotional exhaustion and job-induced anxiety; which in turn are found to influence job satisfaction and intention to withdraw. While problem-focused coping had no effect on job-induced anxiety, problem-focused coping did effect emotional exhaustion, which in turn influences job satisfaction and intention to withdraw. Minor differences were found when the proposed model was applied to saleswomen versus salesmen. Overall, however, the model was robust across both genders. 相似文献
944.
Nancy E. Waldeck 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(1):208-234
Each day, thousands of televised images of the workplace fill the airwaves through programs such as Law and Order, ER, and The Simpsons. Although communications research has suggested that the social reality of television is often accepted by high‐level viewers ( Perry & Roesch, 2004 ; Potter, 1994 ), management researchers have been slow to examine television as work socialization. This paper addresses possible concerns of scale and theoretical rigor through development of reliable scales based on televised content and the testing of relationships through an interdisciplinary framework. Regression results indicate that heavy television exposure may influence viewer perceptions regarding access to managers and resources. The results also indicate that non‐media work information can moderate this effect. Practical implications for managers are provided. 相似文献
945.
To understand the role that Mexican origin parents play in their children's academic success, this study used structural equation modeling to evaluate the associations of parents' parenting practices (warmth, monitoring, harshness, and academic involvement) and cultural orientations (enculturation and acculturation) with their adolescents' grades, classroom behavior, and association with peers who get into trouble at school. Data were obtained from teachers, mothers, fathers, and male and female adolescents in 560 Mexican origin families living in the southwest U.S. Results indicated that mothers' and fathers' parenting practices and cultural orientations were linked to adolescents' academic outcomes. However, there were differences for boys and girls. Results are discussed in relation to parent and adolescent gender roles and implications for intervention. 相似文献
946.
Corinne Post Nancy DiTomaso George F. Farris Rene Cordero 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(1):19-32
Purpose In this study we evaluate competing models of the direct and indirect effects of work interference with family (WIF) and family
interference with work (FIW) on two turnover intentions relevant to scientists and engineers: (i) leaving R&D for non-R&D
work within the same organization and (ii) leaving one’s organization for another one.
Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional design was used. Our sample consists of almost 500 scientists and engineers in dual-earner families and
with dependent care responsibilities.
Findings We find some support for the domain-specific predictors-to-outcomes model: FIW indirectly (but not directly) increases intentions
to change organization through work dissatisfaction. Contrary to expectations from the stress management model we find neither
direct nor indirect relationships between WIF and turnover intentions.
Implications Our findings suggest that organizations that help employees manage the effects of FIW on work dissatisfaction may be able
to reduce the turnover among their technical workforce.
Originality/value The study examines an overlooked outcome of work-family conflict: turnover intentions. In addition, it provides much needed
attention to the implications of workfamily conflict for scientists and engineers, who have received little attention in the
work-family conflict literature despite longstanding efforts to understand the relationship between marriage, parenthood,
and productivity in these fields.
相似文献
Rene CorderoEmail: |
947.
Measurements of people’s causal and explanatory models are frequently key dependent variables in investigations of concepts
and categories, lay theories, and health behaviors. A variety of challenges are inherent in the pen-and-paper and narrative
methods commonly used to measure such causal models. We have attempted to alleviate these difficulties by developing a software
tool, ConceptBuilder, for automating the process and ensuring accurate coding and quantification of the data. In this article,
we present ConceptBuilder, a multiple-use tool for data gathering, data entry, and diagram display. We describe the program’s
controls, report the results of a usability test of the program, and discuss some technical aspects of the program. We also
describe ConceptAnalysis, a companion program for generating data matrices and analyses, and ConceptViewer, a program for
viewing the data exactly as drawn. 相似文献
948.
Nancy Kelley-Gillespie 《Applied research in quality of life》2009,4(3):259-282
Quality of life is fast becoming a standard of measure of long-term care and gerontological service outcomes. Although the
issue of quality of life has been of increasing interest in the field of aging, there has been little agreement as to the
clarity and definition of the concept and how to measure it, especially as it relates to older adults. Presented here is a
comprehensive, integrated model of quality of life that was developed by synthesizing existing constructs within the literature
into six major life domains—(1) social well-being, (2) physical well-being, (3) psychological well-being, (4) cognitive well-being,
(5) spiritual well-being, and (6) environmental well-being. Consistent with a general systems framework, this holistic model
expands the predominant Health-Related Quality of Life constructs to incorporate non-physical aspects of well-being. Each
of these domains was broken down into several dimensions in an effort to operationalize the concept of quality of life so
that it can have some common standard of useful measurement. These major life domains and indicators are important factors
in determining the perceptions of quality of life of older adults. Understanding what constitutes quality of life and how
to measure it comprehensively has significant implications for social policy and practice in the field of aging. 相似文献
949.
Thea A. Owens Meredith E. Tabangin Carl A. Huether Bethany Vice Bowling Nancy Steinberg Warren 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(3):275-286
Studies show teachers play an influential role in the career decision-making process of students and early knowledge of genetic
counseling (GC) increases the likelihood students will consider this career option. This quantitative study is the first to
explore the presentation of GC and other health care career options by high school (HS) biology/life science (B/LS) teachers
in their classrooms. Our findings indicate most B/LS teachers present GC as a career option to HS students, agree it complements
classroom activities, and perceive students as interested in learning about the profession. However, teachers note many barriers
to spending class time presenting GC careers. Consequently, a substantial number of teachers spent a minimal amount of time
presenting health care careers in general. We discuss ways genetic counselors can enhance career resources, reduce barriers,
and foster student interest in pursuing a career in GC by developing partnerships with HS B/LS teachers. 相似文献
950.