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201.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is often associated with altered emotional reactivity. However, the functional significance of altered emotional reactivity in MDD is uncertain. This study was the first to examine the predictive relationship between intensely sampled ambulatory emotional reactivity and the clinical course of MDD. Forty-six outpatients who met criteria for MDD underwent six days of experience sampling of their ambulatory reactivity to everyday negative and positive life events. After experience sampling, all outpatients received pharmacotherapy with supportive psychotherapy and were followed clinically for 18 months. At one month, less emotional reactivity to negative and positive daily events predicted higher depressive symptom severity. Importantly, patients who exhibited less negative emotional reactivity to daily negative life events were less likely to recover from MDD over the 18 month follow-up. Relationships between ambulatory emotional reactivity and MDD course were not accounted for by the duration or the severity of initial MDD symptoms. Diminished ambulatory emotional reactivity appears to be functionally significant in depression. Intensive sampling of ambulatory emotions may have utility for predicting the clinical course of MDD. 相似文献
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203.
Michael Harvey Nancy K. Napier Miriam Moeller Laura A. Williams 《Journal of applied social psychology》2010,40(1):212-240
This paper explores the dimensions and means to implement a global dual-career expatriate couple mentoring program. The rationale is that learning from an experienced mentor mitigates the complexity of global assignments, leading to more successful completion of overseas assignments. We explored the impact of such mentoring programs on "nontraditional" global managers, along with their trailing spouses. Social learning theory was used as the foundation for the development of such a mentoring program. To add to the contextual understanding of global assignments imposed on global dual-career couples, we explored the effectiveness of mentoring by investigating temporal (before, during, after expatriation) and gender-related dimensions. Further, we analyzed the level of mentor involvement (personal, organizational, and professional) regarding psychosocial and career development. 相似文献
204.
Barbara L. Carlozzi Carrie Winterowd R. Steven Harrist Nancy Thomason Kristi Bratkovich Sheri Worth 《Journal of religion and health》2010,49(4):445-459
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of spiritual beliefs and involvement with anger and stress in early
adolescents. Early adolescents (n = 53) completed the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale (Hatch et al. 1998), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (Spielberger 1999), and the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen and Williamson 1988). Contrary to expectations, spirituality was significantly and positively related to anger and stress. Implications and possible
explanations for the unanticipated findings in this study are discussed. 相似文献
205.
Nancy Cartwright 《Philosophical Studies》2010,147(1):59-70
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are widely taken as the gold standard for establishing causal conclusions. Ideally conducted
they ensure that the treatment ‘causes’ the outcome—in the experiment. But where else? This is the venerable question of external
validity. I point out that the question comes in two importantly different forms: Is the specific causal conclusion warranted
by the experiment true in a target situation? What will be the result of implementing the treatment there? This paper explains
how the probabilistic theory of causality implies that RCTs can establish causal conclusions and thereby provides an account
of what exactly that causal conclusion is. Clarifying the exact form of the conclusion shows just what is necessary for it
to hold in a new setting and also how much more is needed to see what the actual outcome would be there were the treatment
implemented. 相似文献
206.
This paper critically analyzes Sherrilyn Roush’s (Tracking truth: knowledge, evidence and science, 2005) definition of evidence
and especially her powerful defence that in the ideal, a claim should be probable to be evidence for anything. We suggest
that Roush treats not one sense of ‘evidence’ but three: relevance, leveraging and grounds for knowledge; and that different
parts of her argument fare differently with respect to different senses. For relevance, we argue that probable evidence is
sufficient but not necessary for Roush’s own two criteria of evidence to be met. With respect to grounds for knowledge, we
agree that high probability evidence is indeed ideal for the central reason Roush gives: When believing a hypothesis on the
basis of e it is desirable that e be probable. But we maintain that her further argument that Bayesians need probable evidence
to warrant the method they recommend for belief revision rests on a mistaken interpretation of Bayesian conditionalization.
Moreover, we argue that attempts to reconcile Roush’s arguments with Bayesianism fail. For leveraging, which we agree is a
matter of great importance, the requirement that evidence be probable suffices for leveraging to the probability of the hypothesis
if either one of Roush’s two criteria for evidence are met. Insisting on both then seems excessive. To finish, we show how
evidence, as Roush defines it, can fail to track the hypothesis. This can remedied by adding a requirement that evidence be
probable, suggesting another rationale for taking probable evidence as ideal—but only for a grounds-for-knowledge sense of
evidence. 相似文献
207.
In recent years, there has been increasing acknowledgment of the multidimensionality of narcissism and that different types of narcissism may relate differently to other domains of functioning. Similarly, aggression—a frequently discussed correlate of narcissism—is a heterogeneous construct. In this study, the relations of proactive and reactive aggression with overt and covert manifestations of narcissism were examined in a sample of 674 Italian high school students (mean age=15.5 years, SD=2.1 years). Overt narcissism was positively related to both proactive and reactive subtypes of aggression, whereas covert narcissism related only to reactive aggression. Vanity, Authority, Exhibitionism, and Exploitativeness were the components of overt narcissism related to Proactive Aggression (all remained unique correlates when controlling for Reactive Aggression), whereas Reactive Aggression was associated with the Exhibitionism, Superiority, and Entitlement subscales (only the latter was uniquely related when controlling for Proactive Aggression). Aggr. Behav. 36:21–27, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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209.
Abstract: Findings from this investigation with 81 college students indicate that ideational fluency is a valid predictor of student achievement in an interior design course. Both original and popular ideational fluency as measured by the Multidimensional Stimulus Fluency Measure were related to the course grade, design criteria scores, and the final project grade. Very few studies have found such a clear relationship between performance on any measure of creativity and actual performance in a course. The results suggest that the MSFM is a valuable tool for use in conjunction with other criteria in admissions screening for an interior design program. 相似文献
210.